        ⪮ 㪮⢮  CP/M.
        ============================
                                            0A .

                                    I.   㤠 ⠫ ᢮.
                                    II.  㤠  ६  
                                           䠩.
                                    III. ࠤ 䠩.
                                    IV.   ணࠬ -
                                           ᢮.
                                    V.  ⠩ BDOS  BIOS  
                                          த⥫ ᢮ ...
1. ஥ .
----------------------
DIR [dev:][filename.ext] -   ᪠.   䠩
                           ࠧ蠥  㯮ॡ   ᨢ
                           "?"  "*". 

REN [dev:]newname.ext=oldname.ext - २ 䠩.

ERA [dev:]filename.ext - 㤠 䠩 (㯯 䠩    -
                         짮   ᨬ). 

TYPE [dev:]filename.ext - 뢮 ᮤন 䠩  ᮫.

SAVE length filename.ext - ࠭  㪠  ᫮   ࠭
                           ⨢  (ࠧ ࠭ -
                           256 )  㪠 䠩. 


2. STAT - ணࠬ 뤠 ﭨ  ࠪ⨪.
--------------------------------------------------------
ࠬ ᪠:

STAT [dev:] - 뢮  ᮫ ꥬ ᢮ ࠭⢠  
                ᪠ (  ᪮, ᫨ -
               饭). 

STAT filemane.ext - 뢮    ᮫  ࠪ⨪  㪠
                    䠩.   ࠧ蠥 㯮ॡ  -
                    ᨬ "?"  "*". 

STAT filename.ext $R/O - ⠭      䠩   
STAT filename.ext $R/W   㯯 䠩 ( ᯮ짮  -
                         ᨬ  ). 

STAT filename.ext $SYS - ⠭ / ⬥ ਡ "⥬"
STAT filename.ext $DIR    䠩  㯯 䠩. 

STAT USR: - 뢮  ᮫  ⥪饣 짮⥫  ᪠  
             짮⥫,  䠩  ᪥. 

STAT [dev:] DSK: - 뤠  ᮫ ࠪ⨪ ᪠:

  128 Byte Record Capacity  -  ᪠    128 ;
  Kilobyte Drive  Capacity  -  ᪠  ;
  32 Byte Directory Entries - ⢮ 室  ४ਨ;
  Checked Directory Entries - (筮 ᮢ  ।騬 祭);
  Records / Extent          - ᫮ ᥩ   ⥭;
  Records / Block           - ᫮ ᥩ   ( ᪮ );
  Sectors / Track           - ⢮ ᥪ஢  ஦;
  Reserved Tracks           - ⢮ ࢨ஢ ஦.

STAT DEV: - 뤠  ᮫毨檠 祭 ன.

STAT VAL: - 뢮    ன  㣨 -
             ࠬ஢  STAT. 


3. PIP - ணࠬ   ਩묨 ன⢠.
-------------------------------------------------------
ࠬ ᪠:

PIP - 㧪 ணࠬ PIP  ⨢     室  
      ० . 

PIP y:=x:filename.ext - ஢ 䠩 (䠩)  ᪠  "x:"
                          "y:" ( ᯮ짮 -
                        ᨬ "?"  "*"). 
                        
PIP y:newfile.ext=x:oldfile.ext - ஢   ᪠  "x:"  
                                   "y:"     
                                  䠩 "oldfile.ext"  "newfi-
                                  le.ext". 

PIP y:newfile.ext=  - ஢  ᪠ "x:"     "y:"  
    x:old1.ext,       ꥤ 䠩 "old1.ext", "old2.ext"
      old2.ext,        "old3.ext"  䠩 "newfile.ext". 
      old3.ext

PIP dev:=x:filename.ext - ஢  䠩  "filename.ext"   
                          ᪠ "x:"  ன⢮ "dev:". 

PIP x:filename.ext=dev: - ஢  䠩  "filename.ext"  
                           "x:"  㪠  ன⢠  
                           ^Z. 

⥫ ࠬ  PIP (    
ப   ᪮): 

[V]  - ஢ ࠢ쭮 ஢  ⥬  ࠢ  -
         饣  室 䠩.
[E]  - ⮡ࠦ 㥬 䠩  ᮫. 

[Sstring^Z] -  ஢ ᫥ ⮣,   室 䠩-
                 㤥 㦥 ப "string" (ப  -
                蠥 ^Z). 
[Qstring^Z] -  ஢ ᫥ ⮣,     室
                䠩 㤥 㦥 ப  "string"  (ப
                蠥 ^Z). 
[L]  - ८ࠧ   ஢  ᨬ 孥
         ॣ  ᨬ  ॣ. 
[U]  - ८ࠧ   ஢  ᨬ  
         ॣ  ᨬ 孥 ॣ. 
[Dn] - 㤠   ஢   ப  ᨬ-
         , ᯮ ᫥ 樨  ஬ n. 
[Tn] - ८ࠧ   ஢  ᨬ  ⠡-
         樨  ASCII  n ஡. 
[F]  - 㤠   ஢  ᨬ ॢ  -
         . 
[Pn] - ⠢ १  n ப   ஢ ᨬ-
          ॢ ଠ. 
[N]  -    ஢ ப  ᮮ⢥騬
         浪묨 ࠬ   㫥. 
[N2] -    ஢ ப  ᮮ⢥騬
         浪묨 ࠬ  騬 ﬨ. 
[R]  - ஢ "⥬" 䠩 (।     -
          STAT). 
[W]  - 㤠 䠩  ᮬ  "R/O" (⠭  
           STAT), 饣   ,   室-
          䠩. 
[Gn] - ஢ 䠩 (䠩)   짮⥫  ஬
         "n" ( 0  15)  䠩, ᯮ  ⥪饩 -
          짮⥫. 
[O]  - ᬠਢ ᮤন 㥬 䠩  (䠩)  
         ꥪ (設) . 
[B]  - ⠭  ० ஢. 
[H]  - ᯮ짮 16- ଠ  Intel  । -
           () ன⢮, ࠡ饥  ० "⮫쪮  -
         " ("⮫쪮 "). 
[I]  -  ।  16-筮 ଠ   Intel  ஢
          㫥 (NULL) . 
[Z]  -   ஢ ᨬ   ASCII ⠭-
           ⭮  0. 


2. SUBMIT -   믮  䠩.
--------------------------------------------------
ࠬ ᪠:

SUBMIT filename a b c ... -   믮  䠩-
                             "filename" ( ७ ".SUB")
                             ।⥫쭮     ⥪
                            ࠬ஢: 
                                "1" ("$1") 祭 "a"
                                "2" ("$2") 祭 "b"
                                "3" ("$3") 祭 "c"  ..


3. DDT & ZSID - 㬥⠫ ।⢠ ⫠   ய-
-------------    I8080 (DDT.COM)    ய
                Z-80 (ZSID.COM). 

ࠬ ᪠:

DDT [filename.ext]  - 㧨 ணࠬ DDT  ZSID    (᫨
ZSID [filename.ext]   ) 䠩  ⫠ ணࠬ-
                       "filename.ext"  .   㧪
                      䠩 ⠥ ᮮ饭: 

        PC: nnnn     NEXT: kkkk

        : nnnn - ⥪饥 祭 稪  (PC),
             kkkk -  ᫥饩 ᢮ 祩 ᫥  -
                    㧪 䠩. 

 ணࠬ DDT  ZSID:

D                  - 뢥  16-筮 ଠ ᮤন ᫥-
Dstart                192 祥 ,  稭    ⥪饩
Dstart,end           ("D"),   祩, ᯮ    -
                        ("Dstart"),      祩
                     "start"  祩 "end" ("Dstart,end"). 

Fstart,end,data    -      祩      
                     "start"     "end"  16-筮  祭
                     "data". 

Ifilename.ext      - ᮧ  ࠢ 䠩 (FCB)   -
                         "filename.ext"  ᫥-
                     饩 㧪 䠩  ⨬     -
                        R. 

R                  - 㧨 ᮤন  䠩,    ண
Rstart               㪠   I,   ,  稭  
                     ⥪饩 祩 ("R"),   祩,  ᯮ-
                        "start" ("Rstart"). 

L                  - ॠᥬ஢  뢥 ᮤন  ᫥-
Lstart                192 祥 , 稭   ⥪饩
Lstart,end           ("L"),   祩, ᯮ    -
                        ("Lstart"),      祩
                     "start"  祩 "end" ("Lstart,end"). 

Sstart             - 뢥  16-筮 ଠ , ,  -
                      ᮤন 祩  ,  ᯮ-
                        "start". த  -
                      ᫥ 祥   ᨬ "." 

Astart             - ⠢, 稭   "start",  -
                      몠 ᥬ.  த  ࠡ
                     ᫥ 祥    ᨬ  "."  
                     <CR>. 

Mstart1,end,start2 - ஢ ᮤন  ,  -
                           "start1"     
                     "end",    , ᯮ-
                     , 稭   "start2". 

G                  - 믮 ணࠬ: ,  -
                       ;
Gstart             - 稭   "start";
Gstart,end         - 稭   "start",  뢠  
                        "end";
Gstart,end1,end2   - 稭  "start",  뢠   "end1",
                         "end2"; 
G,end              - 稭  ⥪饩 祩,  뢠  
                        "end"; 
G,end1,end2        - 稭  ⥪饩,  뢠   "end1",
                         "end2". 

Unumber            - 믮 "number" 設 権  
                     襭 뢥 ᮤন    ॣ-
                     ஢ . 

number            - ஢ 믮  "number"  設
                     権,  ᯥ뢠  ᮤন  
                     ॣ஢     ᫥   믮   
                     樨. 

Xregister          - ᯥ ᮤন ॣ  "register"
                       ᫮ (ॣ F:  C,Z,M,E,I)  
                      , ᫨ 室. 

Ha,b               - ᯮ짮   ஥    
                     16- ᥫ: a  b - 16-  ᫠.  -
                      ᫥ <CR> 뤠   ᫠:  a+b  
                     a-b. 

⥫ :

  ^S - ਮ⠭;
  ^P - ⠭ -;
  ^N - ⬥ -;
  ^C - 室  ணࠬ   CP/M.

:  ⫠ ணࠬ    DDT  ZSID
            ⠢  RET,  RST #07. 


4. LINK-80 - ணࠬ-ᡮ騪  Microsoft (L80.COM).
----------------------------------------------------------
㭪樨 ணࠬ:

1. 㧪 ६頥 ꥪ 㫥 (".REL").
2. ᫥ ᮫ ᮢ    뫮 -
      㫥.
3. 襭  ࠧ襭  뫮   -
     묨 ﬨ.
4. ࠭  ⫨ (ᮥ) 㦥 -
        ᯮ塞 (設 ) 䠩  ७-
      ".COM". 
5.  ⠡ ᨬ (䠩  ७ ".SYM").

ࠬ ᪠:

A>L80 <CR>    A>L80 file1.ext,file2.ext,...,fileN.ext/E <CR>

 ணࠬ LINK-80:

/G     - । ࠢ ନ஢ ணࠬ ᫥  -
         ,  祭  ᡮઠ, ⥬   CP/M ᫥
         襭 ணࠬ.  㪠 ⮢  -
         ᪠ ணࠬ: /G:nnnn  nnnn - 16-筮 ᫮  (-
          ᪠). 

/     - 襭 ࠡ L80    CP/M ᫥ 믮
          ⢨.  㪠 ⮢  -
          ணࠬ: /E:nnnn  nnnn - 16-筮  ᫮  (
         ᪠). ᫥ 襭  믮  ணࠬ  (
         ।    ᪠)  ࠢ   ।
         CP/M. 

/N     -  ।⥫쭮 㦥 ணࠬ  ணࠬ
           ࠭  䠩,  ண ।-
          ⮬ ࠬ. 㣠 ଠ: /N:P -  䠩 -
          ⮫쪮 ᮤন    ࠭  ணࠬ
         (TPA). ᫨ ⮣  ,  室 䠩 ( -
         ७ .COM)  ᮧ. 

/P/R/D - /P ⠭ 砫   ନ஢  ண-
         ࠬ   ; /D - 砫  ⮫쪮 -
           (᫨ /P ᯮ ᮢ⭮   /D,  
          㪠뢠 ⮫쪮 砫  ணࠬ). /R  -
            L80  砫쭮 ﭨ. 

/S     - 뢠,  䠩 ࠧ ᫥      -
         . L80 㤥  ᬠਢ    䠩,
         ᮧ ணࠬ LIB80  ᪠  㫨,  
          ,    ᯮ짮   ᡮન. 

/U/M   - /U ⠥ ।  譨  ;  /  -  
         譨 뫪. 

/O/H   - ⠭ ⥬ ᫥: /O - 8-筠, /H - 16-筠.

/X/Y   - /X ᮧ  ᯮ塞 設  १-
         騩 䠩  ६頥  16-  ꥪ  
         (..  䠩 .COM 䠩 .HEX). /Y ᮧ  ⠡
         ᨬ (䠩 .SYM),  ᯮ   ⫠
         ணࠬ (/Y ਬ ⮫쪮 ᮢ⭮  /E). 

᫥ 襭 ࠡ L80 뤠 ᫥ ଠ:

DATA <prog-start> <prog-end> <bytes>
<free-bytes> FREE BYTES
<start-adr> <prog-end> <num-of-pages>

: <prog-start>   - 16-  砫 ணࠬ;
     <prog-end>     - 16-   ணࠬ;
     <bytes>        - 10-筮 ᫮   ணࠬ;
     <free-bytes>   - ꥬ ᢮ (⠢襩) ;
     <start-adr>    - 16-   ᪠  (  ᥣ  ࠢ
                        <prog-start>);
     <num-of-pages> - 10-筮 ᫮ ࠭  256    ண-
                        ࠬ.


5. LIB-80 - ࠢ 묨 䠩, ᮤঠ騬 ந-
---------   쭮 ᫮ 㫥  ६頥 ꥪ⭮ ,
            ᮧ ࠬ  Microsoft: BASIC,  ,
            Macro-80  . (LIB80.COM). 

㭪樨 ணࠬ:

1. ꥤ (㯯஢) ࠧ ணࠬ  ᥬ,
       ணࠬ  ࠭஢. 
2.  ⥪ ६ ᯮ  (runtime),  ᮤঠ
     ᯥ᪨ 㫨,  室      ᯮ
     ணࠬ. 

ࠬ ᪠:

A>LIB80 <CR>          A>LIB80 -䠩/ <CR>

 筮 䠩:

A>LIB80 filelib=file1,file2,...,fileN

: filelib -  ᮧ 筮 䠩 (  㬮-
                ".REL",  ".LIB"); 

     file1,file2,...,fileN - ᯨ᮪  䠩 (⮫쪮  ६-
                             頥 ꥪ), 室   -
                             ⥪ ( 㬮砭 ".REL"). 

ਬ砭: ᫥  file?  ᫨  㫥,
室   室  䠩:  ...,file3<module1,module3,...,modu-
leN>,file4... 

 ணࠬ LIB-80 (筮 ⠢ ᫥  䠩,  -
஬  ⭮): 

/E - 襭 ࠡ LIB80 ( ०  ப)    -
       CP/M. ᯮ ⮫쪮  ᮧ  -
     筮 䠩    饣.  ⠫
       室 ᯮ ^C (२樠 ⥬).
      , .. /E २뢠 ᮧ 䠩 .LIB  
     .REL  㭨⮦ । . ᫨ /E ᯮ짮 
     騬 䠩,   䠩  ,     㤥
     㤠. ⮣  㤥, ᫨ 冷   室  㪠  -
     騩 䠩. 

/R -  ७  ࠡ뢠  䠩  .LIB  
     .REL. 㦭    ।஦,    /E.  -
     짮 ⮫쪮  ᮧ 筮 䠩.  믮-
       ,   /E,   室  CP/M,      
      ०. ਬ, ᫨, 訢 ࠡ  -
     饣 䠩,  த ࠡ  LIB80. 

/L - 뤠  ࠭ ᯨ᪠  㫥, ᮤঠ  㪠-
      䠩,  ।  譨 ,   -
     㫥. 

/U - 뤠  ࠭ ᯨ᪠   ।  譨  ,
       ⭮  ᬮ  筮  䠩.
     ᫨  筮 䠩 -  ᮤন  -
      , ஥ ⭮  ।饬 ,  /U  -
         ࠭. 

/C - ⬥   ࠭ ,   襭  ࠡ
     LIB80.   䠩 㭨⮦    ண-
     ࠬ 稭 ࠡ . , ᫨  ।  -
     ४    ࠢ쭮    ᫥⥫-
      㫥. 

/O - ⠭ 8-筮 ⥬ ᫥. ᯮ  ᮢ⭮
      /L. 

/H - ⠭ 16-筮 ⥬ ᫥. ᯮ ᫥ /O,
     .. 16-筠 ⥬ ⠭  㬮砭. 


6. LINK-80 - ணࠬ-ᡮ騪  Digital Reseach (LINK.COM).
----------------------------------------------------------------
ࠬ ᪠:

    A>LINK file1.ext,...,fileN.ext <CR>

    A>LINK file.ext=file1.ext,...,fileN.ext <CR>

ணࠬ "LINK-80" ᮧ १騩 䠩  ⥬  ,
   䠩, 㪠   ப  .    ⮣
⮡ ᯥ஢ 㣮  १饣 䠩,  -
 ࠧ ᫥  LINK   ,  ࠢ⢠ "="
   ६頥 䠩. 

  ப  LINK   㪠 ࠧ -
ࠬ,  । ०  ࠡ  ணࠬ  "LINK-80".
 ࠬ    ᪮,  ⠢  -
 ࠧ ⮩.  ࠬ 㪠뢠 ᫥
 ࢮ 䠩,   ६  㣨 - ᫥  ᫥-
 䠩. 

ࠬ  ணࠬ LINK-80:

[A]      - ᯮ  ᯥ祭 ணࠬ "LINK-80"  -
           ⥫ ७ ஬    ⠡-
            ᨬ.  ࠬ   易⥫
             ᯮ짮 ⮫쪮 ⮣,  ॡ㥬
            ⠡ ᨬ ꥬ  ॢ蠥  ⠭-
             㬮砭. 

[Dnnnn]  - ᯮ  ᯥ䨪樨 砫쭮   COM-
           MON-  ᥣ . ᫨ ࠬ    㪠-
           ,   ᥣ ࠧ ।⢥ -
            ணࠬ ᥣ. 

[Glabel] - 䨪 ,  ண 室  -
            ணࠬ. ᫨ ࠬ  㪠,    -
            稭  ࢮ  ணࠬ. 

[Lnnnn]  - 䨪    ணࠬ,  ᮧ
           ணࠬ "LINK-80". ᫨  ࠬ    㪠,
            ணࠬ "LINK-80" ⮬᪨     -
           ⢥  㧪 ⭠    100,
              ᮬ    ࠭
           ணࠬ  ⠭⭮ ᨨ  CP/M. 

[Mnnnn]  - ᯮ  ᮧ 䠩  ࠭묨  ண-
           ࠬ  樮 ⥬ MP/M (䠩  -
           ७ ".PRL").  ࠬ 㪠뢠,   -
           쭮 ᯮ ନ஢ ணࠬ  ॡ-
            ⥫쭮 ࠭⢮    .
            ࠬ   ᯮ    ᮧ
           䠩  ७ ".COM"   CP/M. 

[NL]     - 饭 뢮  ᮫ ᮤন 䠩 ⠡-
            ᨬ  믮 ணࠬ "LINK-80". 

[NR]     - 饭  䠩 ⠡ ᨬ  . 

[OC]     -  ணࠬ "LINK-80"   १
           ணࠬ    䠩   ७  ".COM".  -
           짮  ࠬ    室,  -
            믮 ⮩ 㭪樨 ।ᬮ७   ண-
           ࠬ "LINK-80"  㬮砭. 

[OP]     - ᯮ ⮫쪮  ⥬ MP/M  ᮧ 䠩
            ७ ".PRL"  筮 䠩  -
            ".COM". 

[Pnnnn]  - ⠭ 砫쭮    ணࠬ  ᥣ.
           ᫨ ࠬ  㪠,  ணࠬ ᥣ 㤥
           ࠧ饭   㧪. 

[Q]      -   ᨬ "?" 直 ࠧ  饭
           ணࠬ "LINK-80"  ⥪  ६  ᯮ
           ࠭ "PL/I-80". ᫨  ࠬ   ᯮ-
           ,  ᨬ "?"  㤥 ⠭  ࠧ. 

[S]      - 뢠  ,  ᫥饥  ᫥ ࠪ⮢
             筮 䠩. ࠬ "S"  樨
           ᬮ 㪠  筮  䠩.    ⮬
           ணࠬ "LINK-80"      १騩  䠩
           ⮫쪮  㫨,  ᮤঠ 譨 ,  
            뫨 뫪,     뫨 ।-
             ࠭ 祭 . 
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