



















                    CP/M  
                          " -04"

                       .

                               - 2 -

                              p

                                                        3
1.   CP/M                                        4
1.1. p                                            4
1.2.   p                                      4
1.3. , ,                                5
1.4.                                        11
1.5.                                         11
1.5.1.  DIR                                             11
1.5.2.  ERA                                             12
1.5.3.  REN                                             13
1.5.4.  TYPE                                            13
1.5.5.  SAVE                                            13
1.5.6.  USER                                            14
1.6.                           14
1.6.1.  STAT                                            14
1.6.2.  FORMAT                                          18
1.6.3.  SYSGEN                                          19
1.6.4.  DIP                                             19
1.6.5.  SUBM                                            20
1.6.6.  XSUB                                            22
1.7.                               24
2.                26
2.1.   WM42                                    26
2.2.  GAMMA                                                    27
2.3.  POWER                                           27
2.4.    VS80                          29
 1.                                        31
 2.     
               OC CP/M ""                               31
 3.  ,   OC CP/M ""   34

                               - 3 -

                              

       ()    ,
       
               
  .
       "",      
      ,    .  , 
       
  .          
      .     
    .
           
      ,         
      ,     
     .
           CP/M (Control Program for
Mikrocomputers),   1974  .      ()  
8- .         
   ,    
                  
      16-    32- .
        
  .
    CP/M            :
      /   (BIOS),        
    (BDOS)     (CCP). 
                   
         , 
    ,   .
       CP/M :
    -  p -;
    - p  p -;
    - p  pp.
      OC CP/M  p ,  
  p p  p  .  
           
  ,              .
           , 
     COM  .
    p  p        pp   p
pp  pp,  p     ppp,
p p ,    ..

                               - 4 -
                    1.   CP/M

                     1.1. p 

                  NMI   
p            pp
  p.   p    p
p  .       p      
     ,   p   
.       :

    DOS CP/M-80 V.2.2
     * QUORUM 1992 *

    A>_

     "A>"  ,      ""  p  
          CP/M    
pp.   ">"    ,
 "_" p  pp.
    p     p  p      
 RES,     .

                  1.2.   p

                ,  
p (  ):

    A>
    ( B>, C>, D>  ..)

          p     p
A>       ENTER.   p
          p
.       p    . 
 ,      p      
    p    p ,   
  .          127
.
       p      
            pp,  p
p.
    CP/M   p  pp
p   p:

    ^H - p pp  p    .
    ^U - p  p,  p  
            p.   pp   p    
          p.
    ^X - p   p,      p
          . pp p   p.
    ^E  -      p,   p pp 

                               - 5 -
           p,     .
    DEL - p pp      p  
           .
    ^R  -  p  p      
         p, pp,  p   

    DEL

    ^C -   p  p ,   p
    ^Z -    ,   pp PIP.

     ^    CTRL (CAPS SHIFT).
          , ^J, ^M
 ENTER.  p         127  .
p pp   p   pp  
p.

     p :

    ^P  -  p          
   p.      p
    ^P.
      A:,  B:    ..        
.    ,  pp,    C:    
        
:

    C>

         ,    p  
    p     p
,   p   p  p    
        p 
       p   .      
pp.           p   p
pp  .    p      ^C
  p .

               1.3. , , 

    p  CP/ pp  p    
.          p    
,      p  p      
   pp    p  p.  ,
p       ,  
  pp.

                         

        ,   
  ,        
      .     

                               - 6 -
              
  .           
              
  .       
      .

                    p  

     p:

    A>

p    ,    ""    
(,               
)     .    ,
     p          ,
    .

    

    B:

   p      .        
 , :

    >

  pp     .
     D (D -            A..D)
    p .  p
  CP/  pp  4        (A..D),
p    p  . p 
       ,  p  -
    ..

           , ""  "" p

      p  p  ( p)   
   p      CP/.       ,
p    p,       
  p  p  .  p     p   
p    p  p     
.
      p    p           p
  NMI.    .
     p ,    p  p
  p  0000H.    p    p 
  ^C.  p  p  p  
,               p
.  p  p  pp
    , pp,  p  
 "READ/ONLY" -   (      

                               - 7 -
,      p   )    
"READ/WRITE" - /.        
  .

                        p 

    p          pp  
 p  FORMAT.
      CP/M     p
p    p  p,        ,
p p      (p  p
 p 1.1 pp FORMAT):

     0: DD - DS  5 * 1024 * 80
     1: DD - DS  5 * 1024 * 40

     5,25   3,5 .

    ----------------T------T-------
    p           0      1   
    +---------------+------+-------+
     :   MFM    MFM  
                                
                      
    p,         80     40  
                                
                       
             2      2  
                                
    p                   
    p:          5      5  
                                
                         
    p:        1024  1024  
                                
                   
    ()         800    400  
                                
    L---------------+------+--------

             
.    80  -    5,25    
        96 TPI
(track per inch -      ),      40  -  
         
46 TPI.             
      :  DS  -  DD (double sided - double
density).   3,5    1,44
  720      720 .

                               - 8 -
                          

    p      pp      
p .
       ppp   p  (DIRECTORY).
          p   pp 32
.
     p  p     ,
-p,    ,          p,
p    pp p  pp 2 . 
 p p    p  p
, p     .  p 
   p  p    ,    
 .
    ,  pp,    p,       
p  pp p .    pp  
,                 
p       p   
 p  .
      pp : 1 .  pp :
  .

                          

               
     .
               :      
(FN-FILENAME)       (FT-FILETYPE),  p  
:

    < >.< >

  p : FN.FT
      p p,      
8 .
          p      3   ,   p
p           .  
  p  p,   
   :    FN    FT      
-p        ,      
:

    <> . , ; : = ? * []

      "?"    "*"      , p
 .

                      "?"  "*"

    ?:    p      p   
 ,      p
  .            

                               - 9 -
  p (?).  p     
     .      
 ,   p     p  
p .

    pp

    DATEI??.COM    p, p  , 
                      COM,      
                     p    
                  p  (pp,  DATEIO1.COM,  DATEI21.COM,
                  DATEIXY.COM).
    ??.BAS  p       BAS  
                   .
    DATE.A? p         DATE    
                  ,  p    p 
                  (pp, DATE.AX, DATE.AB).

    *:       (*),    
             
  p .
    *  0...8  FN  0...3  FT.

    pp:

    *.FT (pp, *.COM) p      
           (pp,    COM)
    FN.*   (pp:   DATEI10.*)   p     ,
          pp:      DATEI10)  
                           (pp:
          DATEI10.PRN).
    DA*         , 
          p   DA;   (   
          )   p.
    *.*            ,
            .
    *    ,     p.

       "?"  "*".

    pp  :

    *.A?, F.*, F*.B?.

     "????????.???"  "*.*".

       p  , p    
          ( ), 
p            (D)  
 :
    D:FN.FT (D    A  D)

                               - 10 -
                        p  

                  ,  
pp , p  .
     pp p      .
  p   pp  
, p  pp  pp.

    pp p p  :

     

COM       (), p 
MAC      pp   p
REL       p   ,  pp  p
        p
PRN      p, pp p p
BAK      pp 
SUB        p   p ,
        p p   p    SUBM  
        XSUB
        p p  .   
     .

                         pp 

                       p
pp  ().    pp p
 .  p pp:
    R/W  (/).        pp  
, p  p (p pp).
    R/O (  ).        pp  
 ,     p.
    DIR   (   ).            pp
p  DIR.
    SYS ().    pp    DIR
  p.    p p DIP  p
  .
    ,      ,      p   
pp R/W  DIR.
    pp    p        p
p  STAT.

                ( USER)

    p        p   p
.    p, pp,    
   USER,      p            p
pp    p         (USER).
   USER      p      16   
  p  0...15.    USER  0  p
  p.

                               - 11 -
          ,    p  p   p
          
!    p        
pp      0.    p
  DIP      p   p ( p)
 .

                     1.4.  

      p   p:
    - p ;
    - p .
            ,    p    
   p   ,  p      
   .            
p.
       :

    DIR   p    p (DIRECTORY)
            .
    ERA   p (ERASE) .
    REN   p (RENAME) .
    SAVE    p          .
    TYPE   p     .
    USER  p  .

    p  , p p pp 
   p pp .
      p  p  -  
p    p .

                  1.5.  

        p  p      CP/M.      
       p.
    p       p   p
   .      p      CP/M   pp
    p       .
      pp    
  p.
     p   p    p
   (    
),  p         
   .

    1.5.1.  DIR

                p p
p  .            -
pp,           
 .

                               - 12 -
    p :

    DIR [D:< >]

    ,                
      .
        pp          
    ,        
.       p,
  ppp  "*.*".

    pp:

    DIR C:*.COM   p    COM;
    DIR TEST?.*       p    ,
                          5 ,  
                  TEST;
    DIR *.*          "DIR".

      pp  SYS  p.
           , CP/M  
"NOT FOUND".
          ,  CP/M  
"NO FILE".

    1.5.2.  ERA

             p  .    
pp      
. p :

    ERA [D:]< >

    pp:

    ERA B:TEST.*      :    p  
                               TEST  (pp,
                   TEST.COM, TEST.MAC, TEST.REL).

            ,
   "NO FILE"    p.
p      
    p     .   
      pp  R/O,    pp   
     :

    "ERR ON <D>: FILE R/O"

   pp.
        pp       *.*,  CP/M
   p:  "ALL  (Y/N)?".    
   p  p  "Y".

                               - 13 -

    1.5.3.  REN

          p .
      pp    p    
 ,      p,    p  
.      ,     
    ,     
. p :

    REN  [D:]<  >=[D:]<p  >

    pp:

    REN B:HGU.NEW=HGU.OLD -       HGU.OLD
             HGU.NEW.

    p   REN        
  :
    -  "NO FILE"   p    
                  .
    - "FILE EXIST"      .
         pp    
p   .
       p ("<")   p.

    1.5.4.  TYPE

      TYPE  p       
.          ,   ..   
   "?",  "*".

    p :

    TYPE [D:]< >

    pp:

    TYPE D:TEST.PRN   -       p   TEST.PRN   
                          D  .

    p    ^P  p     
p.
    p   ^S    ,      ^S
p  p      p
p.       pp .
    p p ppp  ^I ().

    1.5.5.  SAVE

           p 
     p p    p

                               - 14 -
100H.  SAVE    pp:
    -    256  ();
    -  .

    p :

    SAVE <> [D:]< >

    pp:

    SAVE  3  B:KAT.UNT  -      768      
                       p      (100H  -  3FFH)  
                          KAT.UNT.

          ,   SAVE p
     p,     
   pp R/O.




    1.5.6.  USER

         p   
  ,              .
pp          0  15.  0
() p   p.

    p :

    USER <p>

    pp:

    USER 5     p   5,
                 DIR, REN, SAVE :

             DIR p   USER 5,
             REN p   USER 5,
             SAVE     USER 5.



             1.6.    

    1.6.1.  STAT

      STAT        p  p  
 .
    p ,     p    
  ,      16 
.    p:

                               - 15 -

    STAT [D:][<pp>]

             
.
    p   p            p    
 ,    p. 
  p       p p
    (       
)    , p  .

    p   STAT:

    STAT

       p    pp
             
p p .
    p    :
    A:R/W, SPACE: XXXXK

    STAT D:

     p pp,    D.

        :
    BYTES REMAINING ON D: XXXXK
    STAT [D:]<    >

      p  ,  
< >.
    RECS BYTES EXT ACC
    XXX XXX   X   R/W D: < >
    BYYTES REMAINING ON D:  XXXK

    : RECS  -     ( 128 )
         BYTES - pp ,    
         EXT   -    ( 16 )
         ACC   - pp  (R/W, R/O)

      SYS < >   .

    STAT [D:]< > $S

      p   pp,      pp   SIZE
p      p   
128 .
    p    :

    SIZE RECS BYTES EXT ACC
    XXX XXX XXK    X   R/W D: < >
    BYTES REMAINING ON D: XXXK

                               - 16 -

    p       p    "BYTES"
p    "SIZE"  "RECS".
    p    p      p 
pp, p    .   
  "BYTES"   ,   
p,    "RECS" -    .
      p,  p    p       "SIZE"
       
(  ).

    STAT [D:] $ R/O

              R/O     
.      p     
 R/W.

    STAT [D:]< > $ R/O

       , p pp  <
>  R/O.
    p    :
    < >  SET to R/O
    STAT [D:]< > $ R/W

       p   pp,     
pp R/W.

    p    :
    < >  SET to R/W
    STAT [D:]< > $ SYS

      ,  p   pp   <   >
p  pp " ".   
   p   DIR.     
 p.      p.

    p    :
           < >  SET TO SYS
    STAT [D:]< > $ DIR

       ,   p  pp  <  >,
p pp "DIR-".      
 p   DIR.
    p    :
           < >  SET TO DIR
    STAT [D:] DSK:

      p  p      p 
,  p  pp    p    p
   .
    p       (pp p 

                               - 17 -
5,25 -  ):

-------------------------------T--------------------------------
       p                            
-------------------------------+--------------------------------
   A: DRIVE CHARACTERISTICS       A
6240: 128 BYTE RECORD CAPACITY   : 6240 
                                 128 
 780: KILOBYTE DRIVE CAPICITY   : 780 
 128: 32 BYTE DIRECTORY ENTRIES 128    32
                                 
 128: CHEKED DIRECTORY ENTRIES  128   
 128: RECORDS/EXTENT            128   
  16: RECORDS/BLOCK             16   
  40: SECTORS/TRACK             40 p  p
   4: RESERVES TRACKS           4 pp p
-------------------------------+--------------------------------

    STAT VAL:

         p   STAT 
  .
    p    :
    TEMP R/O DISK  : D:=R/O
    SET INDICATOR  : D:FILENAME.TYP $R/O $R/W $SYS $DIR
    DISK STATUS    : DSK: D:DSK
    USER STATUS    : USR:
    IOBYTE ASSIGN  :
    CON: = TTY: CRT: BAT: UC1
    RDR: = TTY: PTR: UR1: UR2
    PUN: = TTY: PTR: UP1: UP2
    LST: = TTY: CRT: LPT: UL1

    STAT USR:

    p    ,    p  pp
      0        
 0  1.
    p    :
    ACTIVE USER  : 0
    ACTIVE FILES : 01

    STAT DEV:

       3 (   IOBYTE  -  "
   p  -"),    p  p
     -,      p
   :

    CON: -  p
    RDR: - p 
    PUN: - p pp

                               - 18 -
    LST: -  p

    pp:

    a> STAT DEV:

    CON: IS CRT:     (:  CRT:)
    RDR: IS TTY:     (p :  TTY:)
    PUN: IS TTY:     (p pp:  TTY:)
    LST: IS LPT:     ( p:  LPT:)

      STAT DEV:

        pp p   3. 
 p  pp,         
.  (  p  IOBYTE -  
 pp BIOS).
    STAT <> = <>
    STAT < 1> = < 1>, < 2> = < 2>,...
          ,  p
  IOBYTE (  3)   .
          p     
pp  INSTSCP.

    pp:

    STAT CON:=CRT:,RDR:=UR1,PUN=UP1,LPT:=TTY:

    p p           pp
  p        p   p
p        .    p
    pp.
    FILE NOT FOUND p    , 
                            .   p  
                            pp  (pp,   DSK   
                            DSK:)
    INVALID   FILE  INDICATOR  p    pp,
                            pp, p  $ R/O
    INVALID    DISK    ASSIGMENT    p     p
                            pp      (pp,
                            STAT A:=SYS  )
    BAD DELIMITER           p p
    INVALID ASSIGNMENT p    (pp,
                            STAT RDR:=LPT:)

    1.6.2.  FORMAT

        FORMAT    
     CP/M        
   .
     :
     FORMAT  -          

                               - 19 -
                      .
     FORMAT [D:]40 -       
                         D:. D -  
                      (A ... D).
     FORMAT [D:]80   -     .
                 
.

    1.6.3.  SYSGEN

      SYSGEN      
   .   SYSGEN    
 ,        
     .  
    .      
         ,    
  .
     :
    SYSGEN
                 
  .         
    ,      
    .        
.          
    .

    1.6.4.  DIP

        DIP     
    .
              
 .
     DIP   :

    (1) DIP " "
    (2) DIP

      (1)      "
" .
        (2)     .   
  ("*"),          
          .      
      .    
          R/O (READ ONLY) 
             .
         ^C.  
  :

    D:<>=D:< 1>,...,D:< N>[P]

    : D    (A...D);
    <>  < 1>  < N> -    

                               - 20 -
< >.< >;
    P   .
                   
,    :
    Q -     ;
    P  -         ( 
    );
    V -    .
               
  :

    A:=< >[PQV]

             
,        ,      
 -  .
    :

    A:=*.*[PQV]
               
.
    B:=A:TEST.*
       A   B     
TEST    .


    1.6.5.  SUBM

          p               p
 ,        
pp        ".SUB" 
    SUBM.
          .  p  
   SUBM.    p:

    SUBM < > < pp>

                         SUBM

      ".SUB"    p    
pp .
        p    p  ,
pp,  DIP,  TYPE, PIP, p p   p 
p    .      SUBM     
    ,  p  p  
p.
     pp      
  pp    (  ),    ,
     p,    
   .       p  p,
  1.    9 p.


                               - 21 -
    $1 $2 $3 ...     $9

        p  p  
SUBM   , p  
 p,  p p.
    p     .
     p            
,       "$$".        
ppp    ,     
    ppp  p.
              SUBM 
  p   ,   
    .
          p   
    .
     SUBM      pp    
 p:

    SUBM < >P1 P2 P3 ... P9

    < >:      .
    P1...P9:-   pp,   p      
p.
       p  126  .  pp  
 p  p  p p  p.
          ET      ".SUB"  
pp    pp p 
    "$$$.SUB"
 p p  p  p.  
      pp  
p     p.    
p       . 
    SUBM,       p      pp
pp  "$$$.SUB"  .
        -  p    "$$$.SUB" p 
, p  p  p p  
   .  pp   p  
  ET,    .
    p    pp,      - 
 p .
          
    ET   - . 
     .  
               ^S;
    -    ET   -
.

    :

       "WM42"      
SAMPLE.SUB:


                               - 22 -
    ERA *.$1              
    DIR *.$2             
    DIP $3:=$4;*.$5    
    DIR $3:=*.$5        
     SUBM   :
    SUBM SAMPLE BAK * B A COM
             "SAMPLE.SUB",    
:
    "BAK"  $1
    "*"    $2
    "A"    $3
    "B"    $4
    "COM"  $5
   "$$$.SUB".
        :
    ERA *.BAK              BAK
    DIR *.*                
    DIP B:=A:*.COM         COM  A  B
    DIR  B:*.COM       B 
                         COM
    A>                     

         SUBM  
     .    
    "ERROR  ON  LINE  X"       
  :
    - NO 'SUB' FILE PRESENT   ".SUB"  
    - PARAMETER ERROR             
                             ".SUB"
    -   COMMAND   TOO  LONE        
                             (        126
                             )
    - COMMAND BUFFER         
                             "$$$.SUB"  (  1023
                             )
    - DIRECTORY FULL        
                             "$$$.SUB"
    -  CANNOT  CLOSE,        "$$$.SUB",  
                             READ/ONLY?         
                             
    - DISK WRITE ERROR?        
    -  INVALID  CONTROL      
                             CHARACTER ".SUB"

    1.6.6.  XSUB

      XSUB         SUBM,   
         ,  
 .
      XSUB              
      ,     
   OC CP/M.   ,    

                               - 23 -
  XSUB,  ,   , 
         .  
XSUB        SUBMIT  
, ,          
  ,  ,     
, ,   ,   
     ..
     XSUB   SUBM (.   
"SUBM").
    XSUB         ".SUB".
     ,   
.
       XSUB      
          
,          ,    XSUB 
.     XSUB   ,
     

    (XSUB ACTIVE)

        "XSUB ACTIVE"    ,
 XSUB.
       XSUB   ,      
,  :

    XSUB ALREADY PRESENT

     XSUB    ^C.
          XSUB      
       ,    
        .    ,
 (,  DIP),        
    ENTER        ^C (
),               XSUB,
  .   ,  
"SUBMIT"         (.. ,  
       )    
.         . ,
  ^C     .

    :

           XSUB  
:        ".DOC"  
     .     DEMO.SUB 
 :

                               - 24 -
    XSUB
    ;*******************************************
    ;*                                         *
    ;*       DOC                *
    ;*                                         *
    ;*******************************************
    DIR=$1:
    DIR=$2:
    DIP
    $1:=$2:*.DOC

        -    DIP.
    ( XSUB)    .

    1.7.   

        ,     , CP/M
       :
    BDOS ERR ON D: BAD SECTOR
    BDOS ERR ON D: SELECT
    BDOS ERR ON D: R/O
    BDOS ERR ON D: FILE R/O
     D    A...D.
              
.


    : BAD SEKTOR

                   
:
    -         ;
    -      ;
    -          ,  
   ;
    -    ,  
     .
              ,    , 
   ,    
    .
              ^C.
                ,
  .    
,    ,    
  .              
    .

    : SELECT

          .
    CP/M            ,
      ,  ,        

                               - 25 -
  F, G, H...
             , 
    .

    : R/O (READ ONLY)

              
  ,      (,  
STAT)   READ ONLY.    
,           
          
           BDOS.
       ,
      ,     
          READ/WRITE.
     .

    : FILE R/O

        ,       
       R/O.    
               
           
  .

      

         . 
  ^C            
  .       
                 
   (,            
 .

                               - 26 -
       2.     

    2.1.   WM42

        WM42.COM        
        .      
  WM42          
  .0
      :

    WM42 < >

            ,  
            .
     ,    
 .
                  
       .
             
 42 ,       .  
          .  ,  
        ,  
    :
    >>
           ,
    .
      :
    ^Z   /               ^_    
    ^Y                ^T    
    ^W               ^X    
    ^F             ^B    
    ^A              ^L    
    ^J                 ^D    
    ^U              ^G    
    ^^               ^I     
    ^E    /       ^R       
    ^P    /       ^@   . 4 
    ^C     1           ^]   .  
    ^Q     1          ^\   
    ^K                  ESC    
    ^S     
           
 ,     CTRL.
                  
            "*".      
          
ENTER.
      :
    +-  . .  (-  , {+}  )
    @   .   ENTER
    $   .   ESC, ^Z  ENTER
    n   . ,   1, # = 65535

                               - 27 -

    +-nC    n           +-nD   n 
    +-nL    n              +-nK   n 
    +-nT   n                   nZ   n 
    +-nP   n                +-n@   n- 

    nItext$          text n 
    I@              .   ( ESC  ^Z)
    A@, nAtext$     :    1L  ,  I@
    n<....>         :  ... n  (. .=65535)
    +-nFkey$        ""  key n  ( )
    +-nNkey$        ""  key n  (  )
    +-nSkey$text$    key  text   
    +-nRkey$text$    key  text   
    /F,/N,/S,/R      ,   <..>  QX,  
                     
    Y[d:]name.typ$      
    nW[d:]name.typ$    n  

    ^L    CRLF                 ^Y    ESC
    ^A   .           ^A   .   .
    ^?X     X  text  key

    nQP         n     . 
    n/QP        n     . 
               (   )
    nQG          .    n 
    QT             
    QK           
    QX             
    QLtext$     text   
    n/QLtext$   text  .  n 

    V            N!      N
    ;              E    
    H               Q    
    O           ^Q    

    2.2.  GAMMA

    2.3.  POWER

      POWER           
  /      
.   POWER     55  ,  
      16  .       POWER
  ,      
  ,                
  .         
  .       
POWER  ,    ,  -  , 
  ,         ,  

                               - 28 -
POWER      .        , POWER
 ,          
       .
          
             -
  ,          
    . , ,  
 ,    ,    POWER    :
"CANT  NOT LOG ON A:" (    
A:).   . POWER  
    A0=         A:
   .
     :

    PW [2]

      POWER    ,      ,
      "=".      ,  -
 .
       POWER:
    CHECK              
    CM                
    COPY            
    DIR             
    DISK              
    DS                
    DUMP             
    ERA             
    EXIT              
    FILL             
    GO              
    GROUP             
    JP (EX)           
    LOAD (SAVE)     () 
    LOG               POWER
    MOVE             
    READ (WRITE)         ()
    READGR (WRITEGR)    
    RECLAIM          
    REN            
    RESET           
    RUN                 
    SEARCH          , ,   
    SET                  
                     
    SETDIR (SETSYS, SETRO, SETWR)    
    SIZE             
    SORT            
    SPEED              
    STAT              
    TEST            
    TYPE (TYPEX, TYPEH, TYPEA)      

                               - 29 -
    USER (XUSER)     
    ?                 POWER  
      :

    <  >:<>< ><>< >:
    <>< ><>< ><><>
    <><   >

                   
  .
      ,                ,
   ,        
,                   (
 *  ?),     ,    
  ,    .
                  
   ,  . 
     ,      .
            ,    
   . :

    SELECT? 1-5 8 11 23-

        1  5, 8, 11     23- 
 .
         ,   
.                
 .
      POWER          
.    ,          ,
  ^C.
        POWER   
ESC   ^C.        
.

    2.4.    VS80

         VS80.COM,              
 ,  80  ,    
CP/M    "".
           CP/M    
      .
     :

    VS80 < >

                
           .
    :

    A>VS80 SC2


                               - 30 -
             
 COM.       
.     1.
                
  ,          
 .     ,  
   ,               
.
               42*24
,          80    
  .   
 .      
         ,  
  FIRE  ,      
-8; -7 .; -7 ./.; -7 .
        VS80.COM             
      80 , 
 ,  VS80.COM    
      3       
     .

                               - 31 -
                       1. 

      " -04"      
,      "ZX-spectrum". 
        CP/M
      .

        :

  ------------------------T------------------------------------
                           
  +-----------------------+------------------------------------+
    ----                                                    
                          ESC                             
    L----                                                    
    ----                                                    
     G                     TAB ()                 
    L----                                                    
    EDIT                     CAPS LOCK ( )   
                                                             
    CAPS SHIFT               CTRL (  ^)       
                                                             
    SYMBOL SHIFT             SHIFT ( )         
                                                             
               NMI ( )  
                                                 
  L-----------------------+-------------------------------------

                2.   
                   OC CP/M ""

    2.1.    - BASI

           OC CP/M 
    .   
 60-       .  
             
       
     .
      ,      ,  
          .
     .


    2.2.   - SC2

           
        , 
     ,   - 
  .
                ,
,   . ,  

                               - 32 -
  ,  ,        
           .  
    ,    
           , ..
       .
                ,
             
    .
                  
         
 SUPERCALC,     .


    2.3.      - REBUS

    REBUS -        
dBASE   II.               
  ,     .
,  ,      -
,       , 
,  ,    ,    
,    ..     
  .
      ,        REBUS    
         .
                 
   REBUS.


    2.4.  - M80

       -               
   ( ).  
   ,            ,   
 .       
,   .
             580
  Z80.        80  
    ,    
  .
            .
          
, ,     ,  
     ,      
  .
             
,      .

                               - 33 -
    2.5.   - ZSID

      ZSID (   -  DDT)  
         ,  ,
             
,         .      
  ZSID       
 .  ZSID     ,  
                 
       .  
        
        ,  ,  
.
     ZSID     
      ,       .
 ZSID    -.


    2.6.   - 

       -      
WordStar.          
 .
              ,
        
         ,  ,
-,  -  
    .      
           
,  .
              ,  
                
     .

                               - 34 -
                3.  , 
                              OC CP/M ""

          1- p 0- p  , 
 ""  , pp p 
 p p ,   p 
p pp .  pp  p .
 p  p     ""
p DS/DD/96 TPI -    5  
1024     80     .
   800 ,   20   .

 -----------T--------T---------------------------------------------
                                        
   (HEX)    (HEX)                                               
 +----------+--------+---------------------------------------------+
  00H..01H  A880H    p    p .      
 +----------+--------+---------------------------------------------+
  02H..03H  A980H   p       .     
 +----------+--------+---------------------------------------------+
  04H..05H  0014H     p    
                         ( < 256).                  
 +----------+--------+---------------------------------------------+
    06H      00H    00H -  p 5,25".                
 +----------+--------+---------------------------------------------+
    07H      01H    00H - p   (SD)       
                    01H -    (DD)         
 +----------+--------+---------------------------------------------+
    08H      01H    00H - 48 TPI                                
                    01H - 96 TPI                                
 +----------+--------+---------------------------------------------+
    09H      01H    00H -  p p p      
                          .                         
                    01H -   .               
 +----------+--------+---------------------------------------------+
    0AH      03H      p:                  
                        00H - 128                           
                        01H - 256                           
                        02H - 512                           
                        03H - 1024 .                       
 +----------+--------+---------------------------------------------+
    0BH      01H    00H - p , p  1  N.
                    01H - p .                   
 +----------+--------+---------------------------------------------+
  0CH..0DH  0005H     p  p.  
 +----------+--------+---------------------------------------------+
  0EH..0FH  0050H    p   p .  
 +----------+--------+---------------------------------------------+
  10H..11H  0028H     (128 ) p   
                     p (SPT).                           
 +----------+--------+---------------------------------------------+
    12H      04H    p   (BSH).                  
 +----------+--------+---------------------------------------------+
    13H      0FH       (BLM).                   
 +----------+--------+---------------------------------------------+
    14H      00H     pp  (EXM).                  
 +----------+--------+---------------------------------------------+
  15H..16H  0185H        -1 (DSM). 
 +----------+--------+---------------------------------------------+
  17H..18H  007FH      -1.              
 +----------+--------+---------------------------------------------+
  19H..1AH  00C0H     .                    
 +----------+--------+---------------------------------------------+
  1BH..1CH  0020H   p p p .         
 +----------+--------+---------------------------------------------+
  1DH..1EH  0004H    p *  p      
                           .       
 +----------+--------+---------------------------------------------+
    1FH      4BH    p  .                  
 L----------+--------+----------------------------------------------
