
                           <<          >>









                             

                                "ZX-SPECTRUM"                

                       ணࠬ஢  設 

                              몥 





                                    1.
                        "  蠣  設 "

                                    2.
                 "ࠪ⨪  ணࠬ஢  設 "

                                    3.
                "ࠢ筨  ணࠬ஢  設 "







                                 ᪢ 1993

+                                            









                 㯭   ணࠬ-
           設   ப ࠭ ᮭ
         ஢ "ZX-Spectrum" (⥬ "").  㯭  
         稭 ଥ ᬮ७ ⥬  ,  ᠭ
         ஥ , ࠧ࠭ ᫥ ਬ. 
         ᮤন   ४樨   ᬮ 設  
         ଥ ணࠬ.
              ।祭  ᠬ⥫쭮 祭.






















+                                - 3 -

                                  

              ,    ন   㪠,  㦥 稫 ப
         ⭮,  ᠬ 㯭 ᠬ⥫  ,  
         ८ 宫᪨   ३  ணࠬ஢
               ணࠬ஢    設     
           設  ଥ ணࠬ.
              ࢮ  ⮩    ⨫    , 
         1990 ,  ᥩ  ࠭ 㦥   ⥫  ⮢
         ᮭ ஢ ⨯ ZX_Spectrum (⥬  ""),
         ᠬ⥫쭮 ᢮ ⮭ 設 ணࠬ஢ 
         ⮩ . ࢮ   뫮 饭    ⮬. 
          ꥤ   ⮬ (祡, ࠪ⨪  ࠢ筨)  
         ࠬ  , ᪮쪮 ४஢   ⥫쭮
         (ਬ୮   20%)   ᮤঠ. ᭮  
         ⠫ ࠧ, 饭  ᠭ ⥬ 뢠  -
         , ࠧ 楯樨 ⮪  ,   ४⨢
           ᠬ, 易  ⠭⨧樥 䨪樨
         ஢.    ,    㦤-
           ᨫ ᢥ饭.
              ""  த  ࠡ    , 饭묨
         ࠬ ""  ᮢ⨬  .  騩 
           ⮬ , 饭 ࠡ  -
          "㬠". ᬮ  ,     ⮬ -
          ᠬ⥫쭮  祡 楩      ᯮ짮-
          ᨬ  , ⥬  ,     -
         ᪨ த     㦥    ⮬,  
         " 蠣  設   Z-80"  ᨫ  ⢥ 稭
         ⠫     ᫥ ࠧࠡ⮪.
              ""   ⥫ ࢮ , -
         ᫠ ᢮ ,   ४樨  ᮡ ࠦ
         ᮭ ਧ⥫쭮 ᢮ ᯮ⠬ ﭮ ..
          ⮢ ࠧ I.5.18, II.4.4.7, III.5  ਭ ..
          ⮢ ࠧ II.5.5.
                                                 "".
                                              ᪢,  1992.


+                                    - 4 -

                                      

              ...............................................  8


                                 . I.

                             

         1.   -ᠬ  蠣................................. 10
         2.   祬  ணࠬ஢  設 ........ 17
         3.   ⥪  Z-80............................ 23
         4.    ।⠢ ᥫ   Z-80............ 31
              4.1   ᫮ ⥬................................. 31
              4.2   筠 ⥫쭠 ଠ ............. 33
              4.3   筠 䬥⨪  筮 ᫥.... 35
         5.   ⥬  .............................. 36
              5.1   㧪 ᫠  ॣ......................... 37
              5.2   ஢   ᮤন ॣ஢........ 38
              5.3   㧪 ॣ஢  ..................... 39
              5.4      ॣ஢  ............. 41
              5.5    ᫮................................. 43
              5.6    ⠭................................ 45
              5.7    ࠢ................................ 47
              5.8    ................................... 47
              5.9    室................................. 51
              5.10  樨  横................................. 57
              5.11   ࠡ  ⥪......................... 58
              5.12  맮 ணࠬ................................ 60
              5.13   饭  .......................... 62
                         ஥ ஬, ⥣ࠫ-
                      (⨡⭠) ଠ  ᥫ, ⥣ࠫ-
                      㯠 ଠ, ⥬  -
                     , ਬ................................... 63
              5.14   ᤢ  樨......................... 87
              5.15    ࠡ  ⠬...................... 93
              5.16   ࠡ⪨  .................. 96
              5.17    ࠡ  譨 ன⢠.......100
+                                  - 5 -

              5.18   뢠...............................105
                        뢠  "㬥"   ᯮ짮..107
              5.19  稥 ...................................114
         6.   祭.............................................116



                                     . II

                              
                                     

              ...............................................117
         1.   ᮡ  Z-80............................118
         2.   ७ ⥬  ...................123
              2.1  䬥᪨ 樨........................124
              2.2  ᪨ 樨............................135
              2.3  樨 । .......................142
              2.4  樨 ⢫.............................147
              2.5  樨 맮 ணࠬ....................158
              2.6  樨 ..............................159
              2.7  稥 樨................................160
         3.   ४⨢ ...................................163
              3.1  ਨ.......................................163
              3.2  ⪨.............................................164
              3.3  ४⨢ EQU.....................................165
              3.4  ४⨢ DEFB, DEFW, DEFM........................166
              3.5  ४⨢ ORG, END................................168
         4.    ணࠬ  設 .......................169
              4.1  뢮   梥 .....................169
              4.2  뢮   ࠭  設 ...........172
              4.3  ࠢ ணࠬ  ⮭-⨪.......176
              4.4  ࠢ ணࠬ  ...............179
              4.5  ஢ઠ ⨢  ............184
              4.6  ࠪ᪨ ਥ ࠡ  ஬........187
              4.7  ਬ ᯮ짮 뢠 2- த........192
         5.     ⮪........................................197
              5.1  ⠭ ................................198
+                                    - 6 -

              5.2  稥 .....................................199
              5.3   ଠ樨  ......................200
              5.4  祭 ⮪...............................201
              5.5  ࠪ᪨ ਥ ࠡ    ⮪  202
         6.   ࠪ᪨ ४樨  ᬮ 設 
              ଥ ணࠬ.....................................208
         7.    ⨯ 訡,   ணࠬ஢
               設 .......................................217


                                  . III

                           
                                  

              ...............................................222
         1.   ⥬  ஢ ⨯ "ZX-Spectrum"..........223
         2.   ⥬   Z-80 ........................229
              2.1  㧪 ᫠  ॣ...................229
              2.2  㧪 ᫠  ॣ஢ ..........230
              2.3  ஢  ॣ஢............230
              2.4 ஢ ᮤন ॣ஢ ............232
              2.5 㧪 ॣ஢   אַ 樥.....232
              2.6 㧪 ॣ஢   ᢥ 樥..232
              2.7 㧪 ॣ஢   ᭮ 樥..233
              2.8  .....................................233
              2.9    אַ 樥..................233
             2.10    ᢥ 樥...............234
             2.11    ᭮ 樥...............234
             2.12  ⮣ ᫮..........................235
             2.13  饭 (६).....................235
             2.14  ᫮  ⮬ 䫠 ७...........236
             2.15  ⮣ ⠭.........................236
             2.16  㬥襭 (६).....................237
             2.17  ⠭  ⮬ 䫠 ७..........237
             2.18  ࠢ..................................238
             2.19  .....................................238
             2.20  室...................................240
+                                   - 7 -

             2.21  ࠡ  ⥪...........................240
             2.22  饭  ............................241
             2.23  맮 ணࠬ  ..............241
             2.24  ᤢ ⮢...............................242
             2.25  樨 ⮢..............................243
             2.26  祭 ⮢............................244
             2.27  몫祭 ⮢...........................246
             2.28  ஢ન ⮢.............................249
             2.29  ६饭 .........................251
             2.30  筮 ᪠............................251
             2.31    譨 ன.................252
             2.32  뢮  譨 ன⢠...............252
             2.33  ࠡ⪨ 뢠.......................253
             2.34 稥 .....................................254
         3.  ⥬  .............................254
         4.    .............................259
         5.   㪠⥫ ᮢ 室  IM2..............262
         6.  ࠢ ⠡  䨪樨 ............263
             6.1 䨪  ᯮ짮 ᨬ UDG...........264
             6.2 䨪   "".............265
                 6.2.1 䨪 " ਭ".....................265
                 6.2.2 䨪 "  設".............267
             6.3  ᮢ.....................................268
         7.  祭..............................................270














+                                    - 8 -

                                    

              ஢  砫 1990  ஢   -
         稪    㡮 ᮢ   ᢮ -
         ࠬ஢  設   -ᮢ⨬  -
         ஢,  稢    襩  ࠭ 襥 ࠭
         ।  ⮢ .
               Z-80,    ண ᮡ࠭   ⮩
         ⥬, ਮ५ ப  ୮     ᢮
         㭨ᠫ쭮,  ୮ ⥬    孮-
          ந⢠, ᯥ稢襩  訥 ꥬ ᪠ 
         ࠢ⥫쭮 ᮪ 業.
                ਬ  ⮫쪮  ᫥ -
         , 室  ⥬ "-",    -
          㣨 ⥬. ।   ᥬ⢠ MSX  ("-
         ", "", "",  ""  .),  
         ⥬ "", "",     ""
          .   ਭ樯, ਠ  ⮩     90%  -
         짮  ⥬,  ࠡ⠥  ࠬ  ⥬.
               饥 ६  Z-80 祭  㬥-
            ஢ .   㭤⠫묨   㤠
          ணࠬ⮢   ஢  䨨   -
         ⠫  (LANCE  A.LEWENTHAL)  "ணࠬ஢   ᥬ
         Z-80" ("Z-80 ASSEMBLY PROGRAMMING"),  ⠪ "楤   -
         ᥬ   Z-80" ("Z-80 ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE  SUBROU-
         TINES).
               祭 訥 ,   ᮦ, 쬠 ꥬ  (
         500-600 .)   ॢ  ᪨ ,    ᮬ-
         ⥫쭮   ப ࠭     -
         訥 .
              ᫥ 稥  㡥 ஢,  饭-
           ணࠬ஢    -ᮢ⨬  ஢  
         設 ,   ⢥ ⪮   
         ⥬筮 ,  襭 ⨢  -
          ਠ.  ࢮ  砥  뢠 娬  -
          ࠢ筨,    ஬ - 娬 祡,   
         ,  㦥  ਭ樯 ⮢. 祡   ,  
         ᠬ⥫쭮 稭 ࠧ  ᠬ 砫,   
+                                     - 9 -

         㦨 祭 ࠭祭.
               ᢮ ,  । 襬 ,   -
         ,  㬥,  ୮, ⥬筮   -
         ଠ⨢ .  ,    㦤   ୮
         ᢮ ணࠬ஢   設 ,   ࠧ -
             ன    "ࠪ⨪...". ⮡  㡫஢
         ࠢ ਠ,  室  ⥬,  ࠡ⠥  
         ࢮ , ⠪   ⥬,   ࠡ⠥  ன,   뭥᫨
          ⤥쭮,   .
                祭  ४㥬  ᮯ஢  ⥭  ⮩   
         ᠬ⥫ ᬮ஬   ଥ  ணࠬ   
         - ᥬ饩 ணࠬ, ਬ MONITOR 16/48,
         MONS 3, ULTIMON  ..
                  ⠪ ४     ਮ᪮
          "ZX-".   ࠭  ᬮ   ,
            ॡ  ணࠬ    ଠ樮
         ᯥ祭 ஢ ⥬ ""  -,  易
          묨 ᠬ.
                     ਮ⥭    ⮢
         "ZX-"  1991    1992 , 믮    ⤥쭮
         .  室  ᪨  1993 .  ࠢ 㪠,   
         ꥬ       "ZX-" ਬ୮  
         5 ࠧ ॢ室 ꥬ  .
               , 砭   ।    -
               121019, ᪢,  -19, /  16.   ᥣ
         ᬮ    ᯨ᪠  饭    , 
          㤥  .











+                                  - 10 -


                       I.     


                         1.  -   ...

               ⥫  뢠 쥧 㤭⥩  -
          .  ⮣ 筮 ࠢ⥫쭮  ࠪ-
         ⨪.  ࠭    室   "設  -
         ".    砫쭮,   ⠪ ।   ⠭-
         .        易  ⢨  
          ᯮᮡ⥩,     ,  祣  . ᫨
             稭  祣  㣮 ( 訡  
         ᠬ  ࠢ),     뢠   ஬ 
          ,  ⠪ ⮤ ஡  訡  ࠡ뢠.
               ᫮,    宫᪨ ,  
         뢠 㤭  ८   . ⭮,    ⮣,
         ⮡  ணࠬ஢,     ணࠬ-
         ஢. "" ।  ᫥騩 ஬  -
         室 - ᭠砫  ࠬ ⮩  ,  "몠  ண", -
          筥 ணࠬ஢,   ⥬ ⨬  ⠢ 
          ⥬᪮  ਠ.
              ⠪,   襬   ணࠬ   設 .
         ० ᥣ, 뤥      . ᫨   ⠫
           "訥  襣 "㬠",   ,
               ⨢    ⢥ -
          , 稭  ,   㪠뢠  -
         ⥬ ६ PROG  稢 ᮬ,   㪠-
         뢠 ⥬ ६ RAMTOP. ।,    
          ணࠬ   設  , 稭    30000.
           CLEAR 29999.   ⠭ RAMTOP  29999
           ணࠬ 㤥 饭      .
          ᫨      NEW,   , 室騥
          RAMTOP,   ࠦ.
                     㣮:

                               POKE 30000,0
                               POKE 30001,201
+                                   - 11 -

               ᥩ ᠫ  ᫠  㦭  .   -
         ࠧ  ⥩  ணࠬ.  믮       
         RANDOMIZE  USR  30000.  ஡  ᠬ...   , 
         祣  ந諮,    ⠪. 砫  ⨫
           30000  襫 ⠬ ᫮ 0, ஥ 砥  設-
           樨 NOP.   NOP (NO OPERATION -   -
         樨)      ,    祣   . 
         祭 0,0000014  ᥪ.   ⢨⥫쭮 祣   ,  
         ⥬ 室  ᫥饬 ,  室 ᫮ 201.
                 RET (RETURN  - ).    
         㪠 ४  ⮬   ணࠬ  設   
          㤠, 㤠  뢠, ..  襬 砥 -  
         .    ᠬ      ᤥ,    祬   稫
         ᮮ饭  "..".
              ᫨ ,     ⠫,  ⭮,    㦥
         﫨,    ⠢  ணࠬ   設 . ,
         筮,  ࠧ,        ⠪ ணࠬ  祭
         ,  ᥩ    ⮬  . , ⮡   﫨, 
          ᫥⥫쭮  ᥫ    ᫥⥫쭮
            Z-80.
               ᮦ,       ᫥-
         ⥫쭮 ᥫ த ⠪,  0  201. ঠ   
            (   ᥬ) ,  
         頥 ⥬,   ஬   ஬ 
         祫 -  .     ᢮ 
         .  -   㪢,  ᮪饭
         ᪨ ᫮.  襣 ਬ ணࠬ  
         룫廊 ⠪:
                                NOP
                                RET
              ॢ    設  ⮦   
         .  ⮣  ᯥ樠 ணࠬ, 
         ⮦ 뢠 .   ⨢ ணࠬ  -
         .   ॢ 設   
         .
                  ணࠬ    㣨  筮  .   
         ꥤ  . ப ࠭  GENS3/MONS3
          HISOFT   EDITAS/MONITOR  16/48   PICTURESQUE. 
+                                 - 12 -

         GENS3  EDITAS - ,  MONS3, MONITOR 16  MONITOR 48 -
         .
                ୥  襩 ࢮ ணࠬ   -
         㥬  ᪮쪮 ࠧ, ⮡    - . -
          Z-80  ᪮쪮  ॣ஢,      -
         "", "", ""  ..     ᮤঠ   -
          楫 ᫮  0  255 (..  ).
                ⪨    ,  
         ஢ ᮤন ॣ஢    㣮,  ⠪ -
            譨 ஬,  ..   ⨢ .
              , ਬ,    LD B,A (設   -
         71) 砥 "㧨 ᮤন ॣ   ॣ ".  LD
         -  ᮪饭  LOAD (LOAD - ).
              筮 ⠪  LD C,B (設  72) 砥  "㧨
          ॣ  ᮤন ॣ ".  㦠   ॣ
          楫 ᫠. ਬ, LD A,N - 砥 "㧨  ॣ
          楫 ᫮ N,  N   ᫮  0  255".  ⮣
            뫨 묨.      - 塠⭠.
         砫  設  - 62,     ᠬ ᫮ -  N. ,
         ਬ, LD A,77 (㧨  ॣ  ᫮ 77) 㤥 룫-
          ⠪: 62,77.  62 -  樨, -  ᮮ頥 -
         ,   ᤥ,   77 -  ࠭. ⨬   ,
          뢠  樨   塠   塠.   
         ,  ࠢ, -  樨,  ᫥騥   - ࠭-
         .  ਬ " ࠢ" ⮬,     -
         樨,   뢠  ⠬  /1.
              ⠪,  㦥 ⮢  ⮬, ⮡  ணࠬ,  -
          㤥 ॡ뢠  - ᫮   ॣ
           㣮.
         
         /1   :  Z-80 ࠧࠡ뢠   -
          ᢮ ।⢥,   8080. 設⢮  -
            ᮢ,   Z-80 뫮  ᪮쪮  -
         ⪮  . ⮡  ⫨   8080,   -
         稭  䨪 203, 221, 237  253 (  ⭠筮
         , ᮮ⢥⢥:  CB, DD,  ED   FD). ⮬  
         樨,   ⮨   ⮢,  묨  ᫥-
          ࠭.
+                                 - 13 -

                                       
                   NOP                         30000      0
                   LD A,77                     30001      62
                                               30002      77
                   LD B,A                      30003      71
                   LD C,B                      30004      72
                   RET                         30005      201
              ࠧ ᭥ 뫮   ࣠    -
         ஬    ⨢    .  , 
           ᤥ, ⮦ 祭 . ਬ,   
         LD  (NN),A.    設    -  50.   砥 ᫥饥:
         "㧨    祩  ,   ன  塠
         ᫮ NN,  ᮤন ॣ A".   -  塠⭠.
            樨 (50),     - 塠  ࠭
         NN,   㦭   . ਬ, ᫨   㦥
           30008,    ⮣  ࠭  NN  㤥  : 56, 117
         ⮬,  117*256 + 56 = 30008.
               塠  ࠭       .
         ,  塠 ᫠ ( ࠢ,  ) -
            ᥣ  ⭮ 浪, .. ᭠砫  訩
         ,  ⮬ 訩 /1.
               ࠧ,   LD (30008),A   設
           ⠪: 50, 56, 117.
                ⨢  LD A,(NN)  -  "-
            ॣ   ᮤন 祩  ,   ᮬ
         NN".   - 58,   ᫥  , 㪠뢠騥  
         : ᭠砫 訩,   ⮬ - 訩.   LD A,(30007)
          ⠪:  58, 55, 117.
                㦥  ६ ᮤন 祥  
           ,   १ ॣ  .
         
         /1   :  ⥩᪨  ,   ᭠砫
          訥 ࠧ,   ⮬ 訥.  ਬ,  ᫥  567
         ᭠砫  ⭨ (5), ⮬ - ⪨ (6)  ⮫쪮 ⥬ -
          (7).   - .  易  ⥬,   -
            ⠪  ,    ࠧ-
         鸞  ⮣   諠.     -
            諮   ࢮ .
+                                 - 14 -

                㦥  ६ ᮤন 祥  
           ,   १ ॣ  .

                                 樨
           Ŀ                                        Ŀ
            30007                                          30008 
           Ĵ      Ŀ     Ĵ
              N          A . . . . . . . .         -   
                 Ĵ     
                                            
                          
                               ᫥ 樨
           Ŀ                                        Ŀ
            30007                                         30008  
           Ĵ                                        Ĵ
              N                                             N    
                                                   

                                       

                    LD A,(30007)                30000    58
                                                30001    55
                                                30002    117
                    LD (30008),A                30003    50
                                                30004    56
                                                30005    117
                    RET                         30006    201

                ᪮쪮  ᫮     믮-
          ᫮ ᮤন  - 祥   -
          १  ࠭  - 祩.   믮
         䬥᪨ ⢨, ਬ ᫮,  Z-80 ⠪-
           ᪮쪮 .  ᬮਬ  ADD A,B  ( -
         設  - 128). ADD = ADDITION = .
              ADD A,B 砥 ᫥饥: "ਡ ᮤন ॣ
         B    ᮤন ॣ    १ ⠢  
         ॣ ".
               ,   ⭠, ..  㪠  
+                                   - 15 -

         ,  㤠  ,     ᤥ   㤠 ࠢ -
         ,    㦥 ᠬ ᮡ.
              ।,    ᫮ ᮤন 祥  30013
          30014,  १   祩 30015.   ணࠬ
             設  㤥  :

                           
         LD A,(30013)        30000    58       㧨  ॣ 
                             30001    61       ᫮, ᮤঠ饥 
                             30002    117       30013.
         LD B,A              30003    71       㧨  ॣ 
                                               ᮤন ॣ 
         LD A,(30014)        30004    58       㧨   
                             30005    62       ᫮, ᮤঠ饥 
                             30006    117       30014.
         ADD A,B             30007    128      ਡ  ᮤন 
                                               ᮤন ॣ .
         LD (30015),A        30008    50       㧨 ᮤন
                             30009    63       ॣ    30015.
                             30010    117
         NOP                 30011    0         樨. 㧠.
         RET                 30012    201       㤠, 㤠 
                                               ணࠬ 뢠.

              ஡  ணࠬ  ࠡ.    ᫮
          ᫠, ᪠ 50  70. 砫 뤥   ⮩ -
         ࠬ  設 .

         10 CLEAR 29999

                  ணࠬ   ,  稭   
         30000.

         20 FOR i=30000 TO 30012: READ q: POKE i,q: NEXT i
         30 DATA 58, 61, 117, 71, 58, 62, 117, 128, 50, 63, 117, 0, 201

              襬  祩 30013  30014   ᫠,  
          ᫮:
+                                 - 16 -

         40 POKE 30013, 50: POKE 30014, 70

                  ᯮ  襩 ணࠬ   設
         .

         50 RANDOMIZE USR 30000

              , , 㥬  -ணࠬ - RUN.
              १  ᥪ㭤  ࠡ⠥   ࠭  -
         饭 .. த  祣  ,  ᫨  ஢-
         ,  室  祩  30015,  㡥,  ⠬  -
          १ ᫮, .. ᫮ 120.

                 PRINT PEEK 30015    :     120   ..

              ⠪,  㦥   ᪮쪨  -
          Z-80.    ਤ ࢠ  ⠪ ᢥ寮୮
         , ᪮ ⥬   ⮣   쭮
         ୠ   ⠪ 室 諮  ⢥   
         ࠭.  ,  宫᪨   㦥 ८-
               室   ⥬᪮   ⥯
         ᢮ ⥬  .
              , -, 﫨,  类   設 -
          ᮮ⢥ ᢮   ,  ன   -
         쪨 㪢 ஢   樨.   ᮦ, 筮
           ᨮ  ᨮ     -
         㦤 ᥡ ॢ   ᪨ , ⥬ , 
          Z-80   ᪮ 몥   ( ᪮쪮  -
         ⢥ ॢ). ⮬ "મ"  ᢮ "ࠢ筨.."
         ( 3) 㤥  ᫮  ॢ  
          ଠ ᪨,  १    ᪨ .
               祭 ⮩  ᪮쪮  砭. -
            ࠧ ⥬ .    ⥬
           Z-80    砥,    ᬮ ࠧ-
           設  㣨 ஢, ᮡ࠭   㣨
         ,  ᮢ襭 筮,   ᢮ ன  
          ⪨ ࠧ ॥.
                  ⮫쪮   Z-80    
+                                 - 17 -

           ⠭⨧஢.  ᥬ騥 ணࠬ,  -
         ਬ, EDITAS,  ZEUS, GENS1...GENS3   .   ⪫ 
         ଥ  ,   ⥫  ᥣ ਢ-
           ᮯ஢⥫쭮 樨  ணࠬ.

              2.      

                - 祬  ணࠬ஢   設-
          ,    ⮫쪮 ࠧࠧ  몮 -
         ࠬ஢, ⠭        ? 
             ਤ   ,  ணࠬ஢-
          ⮫쪮    몮 ணࠬ஢    ⢮-
         ?   ணࠬ  設       ᠬ,
          ᥪ   ᪠   쭨?  ⮡  ⢥
           ,  ᬮ,   ⠪ 모 ணࠬ-
         ஢    ᯥ稢 饭 祫  ஬.
               -   奬,      
         몮 ணࠬ஢, ਭ ⮫쪮 設 , -
         ᪮    ।⠢  ᪨ ᠬ. ⮬,
           ᪠  ணࠬ  設  ,  ࠡ⠥  
         ஬ ,  - ।,   -
          모 ணࠬ஢.    ணࠬ஢-
          ᠬ  ᥡ 祣  .  㦭 ⥬ ணࠬ-
         ,  ⠥  襩 ணࠬ  ॢ  
         (࠭᫨)   設 .   ணࠬ  , 
         뢠 ࠭ࠬ.
              ࠭ 뢠  ⨯ -    -
         .
               ॢ   ணࠬ   몠  ᮪
         ஢ (ਬ, )  設  ᫥⥫쭮 -
           ப.  ࠡ⠥ ਬ୮ ⠪: ⠫ ப,  -
         ਫ     訡, ॢ   設 ,  믮
          設 ,   㦭 १   襫
          ᫥饩 ப. ⮡ ᤥ, ਬ, 

                         10 PRINT  2 + 2,
          頥     ᪮쪮   ࠧ. 
         ⮣  ,   ࠢ १    ࠭  १
+                                 - 18 -

          ᥪ㭤,   ⠪.
              ᫨    ਤ   ⮩ ப (-
         ,   GO TO 10),    ⢨   ७.
            樨 믮  横.
                ࠧ,    ࠡ⠥  ࠩ .
             ࠡ     ०. , 
         ᨪ,   ࠥ ணࠬ,  ப ࠧ  
         ஢    ࠢ쭮  ᨭ⠪  ,  ᫨  ᤥ
         訡,  ப  㤥   ணࠬ ⨥ 
         ENTER    ,     訡   ࠭.  ᥣ
          ࢠ ࠡ ணࠬ,    ⮢
         , 祬  ⮩ ப,    .    -
         ஬    ⮫쪮  㤮    稭,  
           ᮭ ,  ⮬ ᫥    "㬥",
          㦥  ""   ﭭ 饥  ன⢮ ()  
         㦨  ⮫쪮 몮 ணࠬ஢,   믮  㭪-
         樨 樮 ⥬ .  祭  
           ࠧ ⮢  믮  .
                ⫨稥    ,   ॢ 
         ணࠬ    몠  ᮪  ஢  (ਬ     
         )  設   楫. ᫥ ⮣,  ணࠬ-
          ᠭ,    設 . ணࠬ, -
         ᠭ      몥,  뢠 室 ⥪⮬ (室
         㫥, 室 , 室 䠩). ,   砥-
           १  樨, 뢠 ꥪ   (-
         ).   㧨 ꥪ   ,  ⮬ ᭮
         㧨.      ᯮ,     
         㦥      ६ ࠡ  ணࠬ  ⠭,
            ᭮   ந쭮 ⮣ .
         ᫨ ⠪ 室  ,    㧨 -
         室 ⥪ ணࠬ,  ,  ⮬   ⪮-
         ஢   設 .
              ᪮    믮    ப
         ⮫쪮  ࠧ,  ⮬ 祭 設    ᯮ-
            ,    ᪮ ࠡ  ணࠬ -
         ࠧ       㯠  ᪮ ணࠬ,  ࠧ
         ᠭ  .    ॥, ..    
           ,       ﭨ ᤥ  ꥪ
+                                  - 19 -

          ⨬   த⢨     ꥬ  -
         .
               ⪠ ஢ ⭮  ,    -
          ⠢   ⫠  ணࠬ   㤮  
         祢, ..  ᥭ   ணࠬ  १-
         ⮬  ᪠      ஬   - .
         ஬ ⮣,   뢠 ࠭祭  ਬ-
             ஢ 몠 ணࠬ஢.
              ⠪, ணࠬ஢  設  (  ,
            ᠬ)    ᪮ ࠡ  ணࠬ
          ࠢ  ࠡ⮩ १    50...200 ࠧ   
         1,5...3 ࠧ   ࠢ   ,  襤訬 . 
         뢠 १砩 , ᫨  ணࠬ   ᫥
               㣠  横, ᫨ ⭮ 믮
           롮    ⥩ .  ६
          樨, 易  ࠡ⪮ ᪨ ࠦ-
           ࠭. 䥪   ண ६饭 (  -
           )  ꥪ⮢      ࠪ᪨
         ᥣ ᮧ ணࠬ஢  設 .
              ன   ⮨  ᮪饭 ꥬ  -
          .  ,  48 ⮢  "㬥" -  
         .   , ᫨ ,   7  ࠭-
           ,   ᮧ  ணࠬ,  ᮤ-
          ᪮쪮 ⪮ ࠭,   ࠭     -
         ஢   室 ᪮쪮  ⪮ ,     
         뤥   ࠭ ⠡ , ६,  ⥪⮢
         ᮮ饭  ..  ⮬    ணࠬ  ᠬ  設
         ,  ஬   ࠡ, ⠥ ᥣ 4...8.   
           ⢮  ணࠬ,  㬥襣  ᯥ 
         ⮫  ꥬ ⮥ ࠧ ਠ権 ,  
         梥⮢   㪮.
              ࠢ 室    ࠡ      設
         . ணࠬ    ࠧ஬  30 ப   -
         ୮ 1 .
              筠  ,  믮      , ணࠬ 
         設    㤥    ਬ୮  150 ப (), 
           ᥣ 200...250 ⮢ ⨢ .

+                                 - 20 -

               襩 ࠭    ꥪ⨢ 稭,  뢠-
         騥 襭   ணࠬ஢  設 .
                ⮬,  襥 ᫮ 짮⥫ ⮣ -
          ஢   ⠢ ࠤ⥫  ᯥ樠  
         ஭, ᠬ⥫쭮 ᮡࠢ訥 . 筮   
         ⠭  ⨣⮬,  ࠧ ᢮ 审  ,
           ᮢ襭⢮ 設,  祭  -
         ⥫ ன: 䥩ᮢ ਭ, ᪮,  ⨪,
         ᢥ⮢ , ணࠬ, ஫஢ ⮢ ,
         ⮢ ⥬,  ⥬ ࠢ  ࠧ묨 ﬨ   ..
           ⥬ ࠢ 孮᪨ ᠬ ஬-
          ।⨩.   80-   蠭    ⮣
           뫠  ᤥ  ⥬ ᮢ 㡫᪮
         ૠ.      ࠢ  "㬠"     祭
          ⥬  ࠢ ᥫ᪮宧⢥묨  ।-
         ﬨ  (ଠ    ଠ).  ⮬⨧஢
         ⥬ ஢ ⮬, ⥬ ஫ ﭨ
         ᯮᬥ    㣮. ᪮ 楤, ࠢ-
         騥 ࠡ⮩     ன (  뢠 ࠩࠬ),
         筮    設  ,        㬥 
          ࠡ.
              㣠 ᮡ ⮨  ⮬,  ᭮   -
         ࠬ  -஢  ᠭ     ᪮
         몥.   ஢   ணࠬ   ᪨  
            㯨ࠥ   室   
         ணࠬ,    設⢮    ணࠬ  ᠭ  
         設 .
              "" 砥 ⢮ ᥬ  ᠬ   
         । ⥬  㧪   ଥ ணࠬ.   ⠪
         ,   㦥  ᪮  -  -
         䥩ᮬ,  ⥯ ।  ⮨  ९뢠  -
         ࠬ  .   ⮬ 짮 "᪮ "  
          , ..   ⮬ ,   ᠬ ⪠  ணࠬ
         㤥   ᪥ 48,    ९   
            ᮯ஢ 稪  ᪠.    
         ⢥    ⮫쪮 . ᪮  ࠧ    ᢮
         ணࠬ  ਬ  ࠧ  ⥬ 㧪, 㭨ᠫ쭮
         襭   .   ணࠬ 㦥 -
+                                 - 21 -

          室.     稪 ணࠬ,   
          㤠   㦠    浪   -
         ,  ⥬, ᫨ ,    ᢮ . ᪮
         訥  ணࠬ      ᥡ  稪  設 
         (筮    ᫥  ᫥  -稪   ࣠
            ப ᫥  REM),  㬥 ࠡ 
         設   ਣ  .
                ᭮   稭,    㤨   
         ᢮ ணࠬ஢  設       -
          ( ⨣ ࠧ ॥, 祬 ᯮᮡ  ⨢-
          ணࠬ஢,     祭),  -
           ⬥   ,   , ⥫⢠.
              -, ""     ꥬ 16.   
         㪢쭮 饭 ⢮  祭  ⥬  -
         .   ᠭ   設 .   ᬥ  ਬ-
           ᮡ⢥ ணࠬ,       -
         .   ᠫ 먣  室   -
          祭  頥 ணࠬ஢.  ᪮   ᮤন
          ᠭ  設 , 㬥 ࠧ   
         室.  ᯮ짮 ⥬ ணࠬ, ᮤঠ
          ,  室   ᭮  ணࠬ஢
          設 .
              -, 祭 ணࠬ஢  設   -
           Z-80      㤮,    祭  蠣 
         襣 饣. ୠ 孨 뢭 ண.
         ப  IBM-ᮢ⨬  設  ࠬ  8088,
         8086, 80286, 80386, 80486.   Z-80 - "த  "
          8088     ।   室⢠   ᥩ
         ⮩ ਥ.     ,    ᢮    ᨮ-
         쭮  ᫨⥫쭮  孨,     ࠧ ᯮ ஬
         ᢮  蠣  ᢮ 設  Z-80.
                ᠥ ᮡ 㤮 ࠡ  ணࠬ-
           設 ,      ࠦ.
              1.    室  ࠧ  ணࠬ஢.   ࢮ
         ⠯    㦥  ᬮ    ,  ᫨  㤥 
         ࠧ  ணࠬ,    ਤ  ஬ .
              2.  ᥬ騥 ணࠬ,   -
           ।, ⮡ ᢮   ᠬ ⨭
+                                 - 22 -

         ࠡ  ᭨ 㤮 ணࠬ஢.
              3.   ࠢ,    室   ணࠬ
           設 . ᥣ    뤥 ,  -
          騬 ࠧ   த⨢.    
         祭 쪨  ࠧ.   -      .
         ,  ⠫  ணࠬ ⠢, ਬ,   -
         . ᫨   ᮧ ணࠬ "᪮-᪨  ᫮",
              ᠭ    ⮫쪮 楤
         ᪠ ॢ  ᫮,    ६,   
         ᠭ  設 . ᫨   ᮧ ᪮-⠩᪨
         ᫮,     㧪 ⮬ ⠭ ᮢ   ࠭
         ண䮢.  ਤ   ᪮쪮 楤,  
         ᬮ   .
                 짮⥫ ணࠬ     -
         .
              4. , , ᫥.   ணࠬ,  ࠡ騩
          設  ,      ணࠬ   砫  
           ⮣ . ணࠬ ।⠢ 㬭  ᯫ-
         ⥭    ணࠬ (楤),    
           80% ⠫  ⮣ ணࠬ ⠭묨, ..  
         ਬ  ॣ୮   ᢮ ணࠬ  ᮡ  -
         ६,      ⮬    .    
         楤 ᪠, ஢,  䬥᪨  ᪨  -
         ᫥, ࠡ⪨ ࠦ,  譨 ன  (-
         ਬ, ⨪), 뢮 ⥪  ࠭, 㪮 䥪⮢ 
         ..  ..
              筮, ᫨   ⮫쪮  蠣  設 -
         ,      ⠪ ⥪,  ⠢   ,
          㦥      設   㯭 ଥ
         ணࠬ.     ⢮ ⨩.  ⮬   祭
            -   ᥬ   ணࠬ,  ਬ
         MONITOR 16/48.       㣨  ""  ,
         ᠬ ,  ᪨ "ZX-".





                                  - 23 -

                    3.   Z-80.

               Z-80   ᮧ ਪ᪮ ௮樥  ZILOG
         ,  ,     ᠬ 㤠  ஢ 
         .    8-  ࠧ來 設     16- ࠧ來
          設.   砥,      ࠡ뢠 楫
         ᫠ ()  0  255  (.. 2^8-1 = 255)    -
           65535 祩  (.. 2^16-1=65535).
                 室 ᪮쪮 ॣ஢.  
             ࠡ⠥, ணࠬ  設 .  ᬠ-
             ॣ    祩 ७  .
         ᫨  祥 ﭭ    ()   ⮫쪮
         뢠 ଠ,   ࠡ  ⨢   ()
         ଠ   뢠, ⠪  뢠,   ࠡ
          ॣࠬ    ⮫쪮 뢠    ଠ  
         뢠 ,    믮  讥 ⢮  ࠧ
         䬥᪨  ᪨ 権  ᮤন ॣ஢.
              祩 ⨢    ᮡ  ࠧ-
          ⮫쪮  ᮬ.    ᢮ࠧ   
         ᢮ .   㪢 ⨭᪮ 䠢:
                F, A, B, C, D, E, H, L, SP, PC, IX, IY, I, R.

                  ĿĿ  ĿĿ  ĿĿ
                   F  A    B  C    D  E 
                      
                    8    8            
                                  8+8         8+8
                  ĿĿ     Ŀ       Ŀ
                   H  L       I         R 
                              
                             8           8
                      8+8
                  Ŀ     Ŀ    Ŀ  Ŀ
                   IX       IY      SP    PC 
                             
                    16          16         16        16
               ᭮  ॣ஢.    ⥫
         ,  뢠 ୠ⨢,    ᬮਬ .
                                  - 24 -

                 ॣ஢ - 쬨ࠧ來 (-
         )   ᮤঠ 楫 ᫠  0  255.  ॣ F,
         A, B, C, D, E, H, L, I, R.
              㣨  -  ⭠ࠧ來  (塠).   
         ᮤঠ 楫 ᫠  0   65535.  ॣ SP,  PC, IX,
         IY.
                ॣ  ꥤ   -
          ॣ஢  BC, DE, HL.  ⮬ 砥  ⠪ 
             ⤥쭮 ⭠ࠧ來 ॣ.
               Z-80  쬠 ᨬ  ஬,
         ..  ॣ  ᯥ᪨ ⠬,  騬
           宦  ⠫,  ࠧ ॣ ।祭
          믮 ࠧ 㭪権.
              ᬮਬ ॣ ᭮ .

                              - .
                            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
               ॣ 뢠 ஬, ..   -
          १ ᯮ 樨 ⠥  .  ⮬  ॣ-
          믮 襥 ⢮ 䬥᪨  -
           .    ᭮   ॣ . 
                 㪠뢠,    ॣ 
         ⭮: ।,   ⭮  ॣ .

               B, C, D, E, H, L -   .
              ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
               ॣ 쭮 ப ᯮ ஬  
         믮 ࠧ .  ࠪୠ ᮡ ⮨
          ⮬,    ᯮ짮    
         ॣ      塠  ⭠ࠧ來 ॣ஢
         : BC, DE, HL.
               ⮬ 砥  襥 ⢮    ॣ
         HL.  ࠡ  塠묨 楫묨 ᫠   ⠪  
          祭,   ॣ   ࠡ  묨.
                 ᯮ,  ࠢ,  ࠭ -
         ᮢ.  ⮬  ॣ HL  頥  ⮣  ,
           ந .
               ॣ DE 室 ᮪饭  ᫮ DESTINATION
+                                  - 25 -

         ( ).  ⢨⥫쭮,   ,  -
           ६饭 祣- 㤠-, ॣ HL  㪠뢠-
         , 㤠 ,  ॣ DE - 㤠 ࠢ.

                ॣ  BC      ᮪饭 BACK COUNTER
         ( ).   ,  ।  ᫥-
         ⥫쭮     N ࠧ, ..   ࣠-
          横 ᫥,  ॣ BC ࠭ 稪  ⮣
         横.
               ꥤ  ॣ஢  ,  ࢮ  -
          訩  ,    ஬  - 訩.  ⠪, B,  D, H -
         訩,  C, E,  L - 訩.   ,     -
         ᪨ ,   㤥   ॣ  HL. -
         砫 H - HIGH (),  ⥬ L - LOW ().

                  SP -   (STACK POINTER).
                 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
                ,  室  ஥ ६ ᢮-
          - ॣ ( ॣ)    ᮤন-
          ।   쭥襣  ᯮ짮,    -
         짮  ⢥   ६ ࠭   ᮡ
         ⮪ ⨢ , 뢠 設 ⥪. -
            ᫮ "設". 뢠  㣨 ⥪,  -
           ⥪    ,  ᪠,  짮⥫᪨  ⥪,
            ᮧ ᠬ   ᢮  ᮡ⢥ 㦤,   
         ⮬   ।,   ਬ  設 ⥪.  ⥪
         -  ⠪  ଠ ࣠樨 ,   ன 㧪  
         㧪    믮    ਭ樯 "᫥ 襫 -
          㩤".
              ᫥ 祭   , 設 ⥪   -
           ⮬᪨.    ᮧ   楤, 
         ᠭ   .    㤨⥫쭮,    㦥
           ࠡ,   ࠡ   室 祭 ,   
          ⮣, ⮡   ࠧ ᫥ 祭 㦥   -
           . 室  設 ⥪  孨  
         ,    ,  ⠭    ⥬ ६
         RAMTOP, ⮡ ᠭ  -ணࠬ  ૠ   
         । .   ᫨   ࠡ⠥   設  , 
+                                 - 26 -

         ࣠ ⥪    㣮  ⨢ ,  祬
            /1.
              ⥪"" ᢥ . .. ᫨ 設 ⥪ 室-
            60000,  ᫥饥 ᫮, 饭  ⥪, -
          ᠭ  祩 59999,  ᫥騥   -  59998.  
         ⮬ ६頥   設.
               -  㦥  ॣ SP.    ᥣ ᮤন
          設  ⥪.   饭 ।  ᫠  ⥪,
         ॣ SP ⮬᪨ 㬥蠥 ᢮ 祭,    ⨨
         ᫠   ⥪ -  㢥稢. ᫠  ᢮    㪠⥫
         ⥪,   ࣠  ⥪  㣮   ⨢
         .
               ਭ樯,  ⢥ ६  ࠭  ஬-
          १⮢ ᫥  ᯮ짮  ⮤
         樨 ⨯ LD (NN),A,   ࠭   ⥪  -
            , ⭥, ॥  筥.

         
         /1    ⥪   ࣠    ࠭  ,  -
           ⨬ . ணࠬ ࣠ ⠪,  
         ⨭,  㦠 । 砫 ணࠬ  ᮤন
         ⥪. ᫥ 㧪 ᭮  () 設  
         ⥪ ᭨ ,   ᯥ稢 ଠ  
         ணࠬ. ᫨   㤠,       ଥ
         ⠢,  ணࠬ ࠡ  㤥. ⮡  㠫쭮 
           ࠭,    ⨭   -    
         祪  ,      梥⮬ PAPER ࠭.
           , ਬ,  ணࠬ "NETHEREARTH".
              㣮  㬭  ਥ,  ᯮ㥬  ᨮ,
         ⮨   ६ ࣠樨  ⥪   ⮩  ,
         㤠      ॡ 讥  ⢮ .
           ⮣, ⮡  ᪨     
           㣮,    ࠢ   ⥪.   
         ந室 १砩    ॡ᪠ ⨭   
          ࠭,  ਬ, ந室   2 ࠧ ॥, 祬   -
         짮 㣨, ᠬ      (⠪, -
         ਬ,  ணࠬ "STARION" ⨬ ਥ ᯥ祭 砩-
             ⨯樨.)
+                                  - 27 -

                祭 ⥪ 易  ᯮ짮 -
         ࠬ. ,    ଠ쭮 浪  ᯮ -
         ࠬ, (  ᯮ ᫥⥫쭮   -
         )   室   ᯮ ணࠬ 室  -
           , ⮡ ⮬ த ᫥  -
         窨, 室饩 ᫥  맮 ணࠬ.   (
           ⮢)  頥  ⥪.   砭  ᯮ-
          ணࠬ   RET  ᭨  ⥪  ࠢ-
           ணࠬ 稪 PC,   ᯥ稢 .
              㬥, ᫨   ६  ࠡ ணࠬ   -
         㤥    ⥪,     ணࠬ   
         㦭 , ..   ᮤন 設  ⥪. -
         , ᫨   ࠡ   ணࠬ   室 
         ᪮쪮- ᥫ   ⥪,  ⮫쪮    㤠   
         ⮣,    RET.

               PC -   (PROGRAM COUNTER).
              ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

               ॣ ⠪,   ॣ SP -  ⭠ࠧ-
         .  㦨  ࠭  ⮩ 樨,  
         믮 ᫥饩.    稭 믮  
         , ணࠬ 稪  砥 饭   ,
         ᫨  ⭠,   - ᫨ 塠⭠  ..  -
          ࠧ,  砭 ⮩ 樨  ,  
          믮 ᫥饩.  뤥ন  ᫥⥫-
          ᯮ ணࠬ.
              ᫨  ணࠬ  室     (筮
         GO  TO   )    맮  ணࠬ  (筮 GO SUB
         ),    ணࠬ  稪   ᯥ稢 ⠪
         ᪠箪.   뫠  ,      믮-
           室      ⥯  ,  㤠   த
         ᫥.

                         F -  .
                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
               ॣ ⫨砥   ⠫  ࠥ  쬠
         ᢮ࠧ ஫.   ᬠਢ  ⤥  ॣ,
+                                 - 28 -

         ࠭騩 쬨ࠧ來 ᫮,   ᪮॥,  ᥬ ⤥
         䫠 ⮢.   䫠     ⠭   ,
         .. ᮮ⢥騩  祭 (ࠢ 1)  몫祭  (ࠢ
         0).    䫠 ॣ.
                        Ŀ
                         S  Z  -  H  - O/P N C  
                        Ĵ
                         7  6  5  4  3  2  1 0  
                        
          ᮤন ᫥騥 䫠:
                          0 - 䫠 ७ ;
                          1 - 䫠 ᫮/⠭ N;
                          3 -  ᯮ;
                          4 - 䫠 㯥७ H;
                          5 -  ᯮ;
                          6 - 䫠  Z;
                          7 - 䫠  S.
               C, P/O, Z, S - ⨢ ᯮ  ࠧ  -
         .  ᬮਬ ࠡ  ⨬ 䫠  ࠧ 5.9.5.
               N  H  ணࠬ⮬  ᯮ.   
          믮  権   묨 ᫠,  ࠦ묨
         筮 ମ.  ⮬  ਬ  ᫥饩 .

                       IX, IY -  .
                      ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
                 ॣ஢ ,  ..   ⭠ࠧ來
         ॣ. ᯮ ,  ࠢ,    -
