
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
                    CP/M  
                          " -04"
    
                      㪮⢮ 짮⥫.
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

                               - 2 -
    
                              p
    
                                                        3
1.   CP/M                                        4
1.1. p㧪 ⥬                                           4
1.2.   p                                      4
1.3. ᪥, 䠩, 짮⥫                               5
1.4. 䨪                                       11
1.5.                                         11
1.5.1.  DIR                                             11
1.5.2.  ERA                                             12
1.5.3.  REN                                             13
1.5.4.  TYPE                                            13
1.5.5.  SAVE                                            13
1.5.6.  USER                                            14
1.6. ⠭  ࠭                        14
1.6.1.  STAT                                            14
1.6.2.  FORMAT                                          18
1.6.3.  SYSGEN                                          19
1.6.4.  DIP                                             19
1.6.5.  SUBM                                            20
1.6.6.  XSUB                                            22
1.7. 饭 樮 ⥬                            24
2.                26
2.1. ࠭ । WM42                                    26
2.2.  GAMMA                                                    27
2.3. ணࠬ POWER                                           27
2.4. ࠩ 㠫쭮 ࠭ VS80                          29
 1.                                        31
 2. 祭 ⮢ ணࠬ  ᯮ짮
               OC CP/M ""                               31
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

                               - 3 -
    
                              
    
    樮  ⥬ ()  ꥬ  ,
ᯥ稢 ࠢ ᥬ 묨 ⠬   
⤥   ⠫      ணࠬ      ।⢥
⢨  ன.
     ⮢  "", ਥ஢     
ᨪ      , 㭪樨  믮 ᨪ.  , 
ࠧ ᫥ 祭 設 짮⥫   樮
। ⮣ 몠.  ⮬        ⥪
ணࠬ      .    ஢뢠 
믮 ᠬ ஬ 몠 ᨪ.
    ਬ  ᪮ ॢ頥  ⮢  
    ᮭ  ,    ஬  㦥   
    ᠬ⥫쭮  ,  ᯮᮡ  ᯥ ࠡ
ࠧ ⥬ ணࠬ஢  ਪ ணࠬ.
    ப  ࠭     CP/M (Control Program for
Mikrocomputers), ᮧ  1974  .      ()  
8-ࠧ來 . ᬮ        ⥬
௥   , ᭮ 楯  ஥
⠫            ᭮      ࠧ
樮  ⥬    16-    32-ࠧ來 ய஢.
⥬ ⠭  ࠡ  짮⥫   祭
 䠩 ⥬.
    CP/M ﭭ ࠭  ᪥  ⮨      ⥩:
   ⥬   /뢮   (BIOS),        ᪮
樮  ⥬  (BDOS)     (CCP). 
㧪      ᪠      㪠       
⨢      ᯮ   , ⠢
訥   ணࠬ 짮⥫, 㦠  ᪠.
     㭪樨 ⥬ CP/M 室:
    - 㦨 p -뢮;
    - p⪠ 訡 p -뢮;
    - p䥩  pp.
     ⠢ OC CP/M 室 p ,  뢠
஥묨  ⠭p p  p  .  
      樮 ⥬  室  ⮩
  ,     ⢥      樮   ⥬.
࠭      室   ⠢ 樮 ⥬, 
࠭   䠩 ⨯ COM  ᪥.
    p  p        pp   p⢠
pp⪨  pp,  p    몮 ppp,
p⢠ p⪨ ⥪⮢,    ..

    
    
    
    
    
    
    

                               - 4 -
                    1.   CP/M

                     1.1. p㧪 ⥬

    ᫥  祭            NMI   稭
p訢    稥    ᪥    pp
砫쭮  p㧪.   p 㧪  ᪮ p
p᭠  窠.  ᪥     p樮   ⥬   
室    ᪮ ,  䫠 p ᪮  
.  ⮬ 㦠   뤠 ᮮ饭:

    DOS CP/M-80 V.2.2
     * QUORUM 1992 *
    
    A>_

     "A>" 㪠뢠 ,    ᪮  ""  ⨢p  
⢥  ⥪饣  ᪮      CP/M    
pp.  ᨬ ">"  ᨬ ⮢ ⥬,
 "_" p⠢ ᮡ pp.
    p ᡮ    p㧪  p樮  ⥬  ᫥  
 RES,  ⥬  㧪 .

                  1.2.   p

          ᮫    ᫥  ⮣,  
p (ᮮ饭  ⮢):

    A>
    ( B>, C>, D>  ..)

      ᫥    p⢥   ⢥  p
A>    稢  襩 ENTER. 믮 ⮣ p
易⥫쭮       ᮫   p樮
⥬.    쭥襬   p   㤥 㯮. 
⤥ ,      p    権  
蠬    p  ⨥  p㣨 ,   ᤥ
ᮡ  砭.  ᨬ쭠      ⠢  127
ᨬ.
    ᫥   p ᫮     ᨬ
          ᪮쪮  pp,  p塞
p.
    CP/M ᯥ稢 믮 p 㭪権 pp
p   p:

    ^H - p pp  p ᨬ  ⮩ 樨.
    ^U - p 室 p,  p ᨬ 
         ᮫   p.   pp   p    砫
         ᫥饩 p.
    ^X - p ᥩ 室 p,  ⠪    ⮡p
          ᮫. pp p  砫 p.
    ^E  -  䨧᪨    p,  뢠 p pp 

                               - 5 -
         砫  p,     稢.
    DEL - p pp      p  ᫥
           ᨬ.
    ^R  -  p  ⮡p      ᫥饩
         p, pp, ᫥ p 訡  

    DEL

    ^C - ᫨  p ᨬ p , 뢠 ⥯ p
    ^Z -    ᮫, ᯮ  pp PIP.

     ^ 砥   CTRL (CAPS SHIFT).
       稢  筮 ᨬ, ^J, ^M
 ENTER. 室 p         127  ᨬ.
p pp樥   p 㪢  pp  
p.

    ⥫쭠 p 㭪:
    
    ^P  -  p    뢮    쭥襬  ᮫
  饥 p⢮. 뢮   饥  p⢮
믮  ᫥饣  ^P.
      A:,  B:    ..  뢠      ⥪饣
᪮.    ,  pp,    C:    
᪨ ᪮  ⥪騬 ᪮   ᮮ饭 
⮢:

    C>

    ᫨ 믮 ᬥ ᪥  ᪮,    p  ᫥
᫥  樠樨  p樮  ⥬  㦥 p
,  ⥬ p㦨  ᬥ p  p  㯥  
楫 믮 㭪樨    ᪥  p 
᪮       p   ﭨ.   믮   
pp頥.  ⬥  ⮣  ﭨ     p   p
pp  .    p⢮     ᮫ ^C
믮 樠 p樮 ⥬.

               1.3. ᪥, 䠩, 짮⥫

    p樮 ⥬ CP/ pp  p    
᪠.    ᯮ    ᭮  pאַ    
᪥,    ⥫쭮  p  ⮬⨧p      
᢮   pp    p⨢  p.  ,
p      ᫥ ࠧ,  ᫮
室묨  pp.
                    
                        ᯮ짮 ᪥
    
    ᪥   ணࠬ ᯥ祭, ⠢塞  
  ᪮,  ਮ⥭  ⥫쭮    ᫥
ᯮ짮    ⢥  ࠡ.   ᪥  ࠭

                               - 6 -
⤥쭮    ࠡ      ᯮ짮    ஢
ணࠬ  ᯥ祭.  ।   砫   ࠡ   室
᪮஢   ᯮ㥬   ணࠬ    ࠡ  ᪥  
।⢥  ᯮ짮.    冷   ᯮ짮
᪥ ।࠭ ணࠬ ᯥ祭  砩 .
    
                    롮p ⥪饣 ᪮

    뤠祩 p:
    
    A>

p樮  ⥬  ᮮ頥,    "᪨"  ᪮  
(, 騩    ᪮      ⠭    
᪥)    ⥪騬 ᪮.    䠩,
᫨     ᮤp    㪠  ᪮    ,
⭮   ⥪饬 ᪮.

    

    B:

ᯥ稢   롮p   ᪮   .  ᫨      ⠭
ᮮ⢥ ᪥, 뤠:
       
    >

 砥 pp ᪮   ⢥ ⥪饣.
     D (D -    饭      ᪮  A..D)
砥  室 ﭨ p樮 ⥬.  p樮
⥬  CP/  pᬮp  4  ᪨   ᪮   (A..D),
p㥬    p 䨧᪨ ᪮. p 䨧᪨
᪮ ᥣ 砥 ᪮  ᪮  ,  p  -
᪮ ᪮   ..

          ⥬ ᪥, "宫"  "⥯" p

      p  p  (⥬ p) ᪥  
ᠭ   p樮   ⥬   CP/.   ⥬    ᪥,
p  ⠪  p,    믮  宫 
⥯  p  p樮  ⥬.  p  宫   p   
p⨢    p㦠  p樮  ⥬   
ꥬ.
      p  믮  p  祭         p
믮 㭪樨 NMI. ᪮   ⥪騬.
     p 믮, ᫨   p  p
  p  0000H.    p  믮 ⠪ p ⨨
  ^C.  p ⮬ p樮 ⥬ p  室
ﭨ,      祭   ⥪饣   ᪮   p
.  p  p 砭 pp
    ᯮ짮, pp, ⮡ p ᪥ 
ﭨ "READ/ONLY" - ⮫쪮 ⥭ (  ᪮  ⮩  

                               - 7 -
,   ᯥ稢   p樮   ⥬)    ﭨ
"READ/WRITE" - ⥭/.    室    ᬥ
᪥  ᪮.

                        p ᪥

    p  ᯮ짮  ᪥    ᫥  pp  
 p⭮  FORMAT.
     ⥬ CP/M  讣 ⢠  ⠭p
p⮢    p  p,  ⨬    ᫥  ,
᪮p p    ᮢ⨬  (p  p
 pᨨ 1.1 pp FORMAT):

    ଠ 0: DD - DS  5 * 1024 * 80
    ଠ 1: DD - DS  5 * 1024 * 40

    ᪥ 5,25   3,5 .

    Ŀ
    p           0      1   
    Ĵ
    ⮤ :   MFM    MFM  
                                
    ⢮                  
    p,         80     40  
                                
     ⮬ ᫥                 
    ⥬         2      2  
                                
    ᥪp                   
    p:          5      5  
                                
    ⮢                     
    ᥪp:        1024  1024  
                                
                   
    ()         800    400  
                                
    
    
    ᯮ㥬   ᪥    ᮮ⢥⢮  ਬ塞
᪮.    80  -  ஦  5,25    ஭
᪮   ਬ ᪥  ⭮  96 TPI
(track per inch -  ஦    ),      40  -  ஦
᪮  筮  ᯮ짮  ᪥  ⭮ 
46 TPI.   砥  ᪥        ஭
      ⭮:  DS  -  DD (double sided - double
density).  ᯮ짮 3,5  ᪮  1,44
  720   ਬ ᪥  720 .
    
    
    

                               - 8 -
                         楯 䠩

    p      pp  ⢫   ᪥ 
p 䠩.
     䠩 ᪥ ppp   p筨  (DIRECTORY).
  䠩      ⮬  p筨   pp 32
.
     p樨 ᪮ p     ᪥,
-p,    ᪥,    ᪫祭   ⥬   p,
p    p㬥p p  pp 2 . 
 p筨 p   䠩 p ⠪ p
, p  䠩   ᪥.  p ⮣
  䠩 p  p  ⮫쪮  ,  ᪮쪮  
 䠪᪨.
    ᫨,  pp,  䠩  p,       
p⠢  pᯮp殮 p㣨 䠩.  ᫨  pp  䠩
㢥稢,      믮      ᢮     
p⭮ ᫥   ᪥   p 頥  
 p筨 ⮣ 䠩.
      pp 䠩: 1 . ᨬ pp 䠩:
  ᪥.

                          䠩

     䠩  ᯮ        䨪樨
  ᪮쪨 䠩  ᪥.
      䠩  ⮨       ⥩:      䠩
(FN-FILENAME)   ⨯  䠩  (FT-FILETYPE),  p  ⤥
窮:

    < 䠩>.<⨯ 䠩>

  p㣮 祭: FN.FT
     䠩 롨p p쭮,  ⮨   祬 
8 ᨬ.
       䠩   ᮤp   ᨬ쭮   3   ᨬ,   p
pᮥ   䠩  ⤥      窮.  
䠩  p ᫮ p쭮,  ᫥ ᮡ
᫥騥   ᮣ襭:    FN    FT    ᯮ짮  
䠢⭮-p     ᯥ樠   ᨬ,      ᪫祭
᫥:

    <> . , ; : = ? * []

      "?"    "*"    ᯥ樠쭮  祭, p
뢠 .

                     ᯮ짮 "?"  "*"

    ?:    p      롨p   筮
 䠩, ⮡     p
᪮쪮  䠩.    ⮣       ᪮쪨 

                               - 9 -
  p (?).  p 頥    砥
⮫쪮     ᨬ.  ⮬ 砥  ⭮ 
ᥬ 䠩,   p  樨   p  
p ᨬ.

    pp

    DATEI??.COM    p, 㯮p  , 
                   䠩 ⨯  COM,  騥  㪠  
                  䠩   p ᨬ   
                  p  (pp,  DATEIO1.COM,  DATEI21.COM,
                  DATEIXY.COM).
    ??.BAS  p訢    䠩  ⨯ BAS  ᨬ묨
                   䠩.
    DATE.A? p訢  䠩     䠩  DATE    
                  ⨯,  ᮤp騬  ᫥  p ᨬ
                  (pp, DATE.AX, DATE.AB).

    *: ᫨   䠩 ᯮ 窠 (*),    
  砥      䠩    㪠 ⨯
䠩  p㯯 ᨬ.
    *  0...8 ᨬ FN  0...3 ᨬ FT.

    pp:
     
    *.FT (pp, *.COM) p    䠩  㪠
          ⨯ (pp,  䠩 ⨯ COM)
    FN.*   (pp:   DATEI10.*)   p     䠩,
          pp:  䠩   䠩 DATEI10)  㪠
            䠩         ⨯   䠩   (pp:
          DATEI10.PRN).
    DA*    ⢥  䠩 ᮮ⢥ ᥬ 䠩, 
          p 稭  DA; ᫥騥 ᨬ (   
          ⢮)   p묨.
    *.*    ⢥    䠩  ᮮ⢥ ᥬ 䠩,
          騬  ᪥.
    * 砥  ⢮ ᨬ,  ⮬ ᫥  p.

    ᪠  ᨬ "?"  "*".

    pp ⠪ 樨:

    *.A?, F.*, F*.B?.
    
    ᯮ짮 "????????.???" 筮 "*.*".

    ᫨   p 㪠 䠩, p  室  
  ⨢       ᪮ (⥪饬 ᪮), 
p    䠩  㪠뢠    ᪮  (D)  
᫥騬 稥:
    D:FN.FT (D 砥 ᪮  A  D)


                               - 10 -
                        ⠭p ⨯ 䠩

      䠩    饬  砥  ᯮ    ⮣,  ⮡
pp , ᮤp騥  䠩.
     pp p 易⥫쭮 㪠  ⨯  䠩.
  䨪p   pp  ⨯
䠩, p訢묨  pp㥬묨 ⮩ pp.

    pp p ⠭p ⨯ 䠩:

     祭

COM      䠩 (), p⭠ 
MAC     室 pp  몥 ᥬp
REL     䠩  p頥 ꥪ⭮  ,  pp㥬  p
        ᥬp
PRN     䠩 pᯥ⪨, pp㥬 p ᥬp
BAK     䠩 pp 
SUB     ⥪⮢ 䠩  p묨   p묨 ,
        p p祭   p⪨    SUBM  
        XSUB
        p㣨 ⠭p ⨯ 䠩.  뢠 
  㬥樨  ⤥ .

                         pp⨪ 䠩

       䠩            祭    p
pp⨪  (ਡ).  ⨬  pp⨪ p
ᯮ짮 䠩.  p pp⨪:
    R/W  (⥭/).      ⮩  pp⨪  
, p뢠  p (⠭p⭠ pp⨪).
    R/O (⮫쪮  ⥭).      ⮩  pp⨪  
⮫쪮 ,     p.
    DIR   (䠩   ⠫).         ⮩   pp⨪
⮡p  DIR.
    SYS (⥬).   ⮩ pp⨪    DIR
  ⮡p.    p p⢮ DIP ⮫쪮 p
稨 ⥫ 㪠.
    ,   ᮧ   짮⥫,      p   
pp⨪ R/W  DIR.
    pp⨪    ⮡p        p⢮
p⭮  STAT.

              楯 짮⥫ (楯 USER)

    p筨  ᪥      p   p묨
짮⥫ﬨ.  ᨬ  p, pp,    
   USER,   䠩   p      ᮧ      p
pp    p      짮⥫   (USER).
   USER      p   ᨬ쭮   16   ⥩
짮⥫  p  0...15.    USER  0  p
᫥ 宫 p.

                               - 11 -
          ,    p  p   p
  ⢫ ⮫쪮   䠩  ⥪饩  
짮⥫!  ⮬  p    饬  砥  
pp  䠩   짮⥫ 0.    p⭮
  DIP    믮  p   p㣮 ( p)
 짮⥫.

                     1.4. 䨪 

      p   p㯯:
    - p ;
    - p .
    묨    뢠    ,    p    
⠬   p樮   ⥬,  p㦠      
⥬   ᪥.         ⠪   뢠
p묨.
    묨  ᫥騥 :

    DIR   pᯥ⪠  䠩  p筨 (DIRECTORY)
          ᪥  ᮫.
    ERA   p (ERASE) 䠩.
    REN   p (RENAME) 䠩.
    SAVE    ᮤp      ᪥    䠩.
    TYPE  뢮 ᮤp 䠩  ᪥  ᮫.
    USER  p  짮⥫.

    p묨 뢠 , p p㦠 pp 
᪥   p pp .
      ⠭p  p  - ⠢塞 
p樮 ⥬  ⥫ p .

                  1.5.  

        p⢥  p      CP/M.      
᪠   ᫥ 宫  ⥯ p.
    p㦠    ᪥   p  ᢮ p⪨
   .   ᫥   p襭      CP/M   pp
⨬    p쭮      믮 .
    ᫥騬  pp  易⥫쭮  稥
  p.
    ᫨ p 믮  p 뫪  䠩 p㣮
᪮  ᪮ ( 믮 ᬥ ⥪饣 ᪮
᪮),  p   ⠪  䠩  易⥫쭮  㪠
᪮  ᫥騬 稥.

    1.5.1.  DIR

        ⮩      ᮫  ⮡p p祭
ᮤp  ᪥.  ᫨          -
pp,      ᮫ 뤠 ᯨ᮪  䠩 ⥪饣
᪮ ᪮.


                               - 12 -
    p :

    DIR [D:< 䠩>]

    ࠬ,   饭         ᪮    
⥫묨   ⢮   ப.
      ⢥  pp    㯠      
饭    䠩,    ⠪   㪠 ᪨
᪮. ᫨  䠩  ⮩ ᨬ쭮 p,
  ppp  "*.*".

    pp:

    DIR C:*.COM   ⮡p  䠩 ⨯ COM;
    DIR TEST?.*   ⥪饣  ᪮  ⮡p    䠩,
                  騥        5 㪢, 稭饥 
                  TEST;
    DIR *.*       ⢨ 筮  "DIR".

      pp⨪ 䠩 SYS  ⮡p.
    ᫨  ᪮  䠩   ᪮, CP/M 뤠 ᮮ饭
"NOT FOUND".
    ᫨  ᪥    䠩,  CP/M 뤠 ᮮ饭
"NO FILE".

    1.5.2.  ERA
   
       ⮩      p  䠩.    ⢥
pp 易⥫쭮 㪠 筮  饭 
䠩. p :

    ERA [D:]< 䠩>

    pp:

    ERA B:TEST.*  ᪮  ᪮  :    p  
                   䠩         䠩   TEST  (pp,
                   TEST.COM, TEST.MAC, TEST.REL).

    ᫨  ⠫ ᪥  室 ᮮ⢥饣  䠩,
 뤠 ᮮ饭 "NO FILE"  믮  p蠥.
p 㪠 饭  䠩 믮 ᫥⥫
    p ⮢  䠩  ⠫. ᫨  
  䠩  饭  pp⨪  R/O,    pp   
⠢  ⮬  ⭮ ᮮ饭:

    "ERR ON <D>: FILE R/O"

 믮  pp頥.
    ᫨    pp    䠩 뫮 㪠 *.*,  CP/M
뤠 ⥫  p:  "ALL  (Y/N)?".    㪠
᪮ ᪮  p ⮫쪮 p  "Y".

                               - 13 -

    1.5.3.  REN

      ⮩   믮 p 䠩.
   ⢥   pp  㪠뢠  p  筮  
 䠩,  ⥬    p⢠,  ⥬  p  
䠩.  ᪠    ᪮,     
    䠩,  㪠 ⮫쪮  
. p :

    REN  [D:]<  䠩>=[D:]<p  䠩>

    pp:

    REN B:HGU.NEW=HGU.OLD -  ᪥  ᪮  䠩 HGU.OLD
          砥   HGU.NEW.

    p 믮  REN    뤠  ᫥騥  
ᮮ饭  訡:
    -  "NO FILE" 䠩  p   㪠 ᪮
                ᪮  .
    - "FILE EXIST" 㦥  䠩   .
    ᫥  訡 믮  pp頥    ⥬
p室  室 ﭨ.
    ᪠   p ("<")   p⢠.

    1.5.4.  TYPE

      TYPE  p祭    뢮 ⥪⮢ 䠩 
᮫.    䠩      ,   ..   
᪠ 㪠  "?",  "*".

    p :

    TYPE [D:]< 䠩>

    pp:

    TYPE D:TEST.PRN   -  뢮  䠩   pᯥ⪨   TEST.PRN   
                        ᪮ ᪮ D  ᮫.

    p    ^P  p  믮 뢮  饥
p⢮.
    p   ^S  뢮  ⠭,  ᫥騩    ^S
p 뢮 ⮡p ⥪⮢ 䠩  ᮫  p
p. ⨥     ᮫ pp頥 뢮.
    p pᯥ⪥ ppp ᨬ ^I (⠡).

    1.5.5.  SAVE

      ⮩     p 
䠩    ᪥ ᮤp p⨢  稭  p

                               - 14 -
100H. ᫥ SAVE ᫥ 㪠  pp:
    - ⢮ ᥣ⮢  256 ⮢ (筮);
    -  䠩.

    p :

    SAVE <ᥣ> [D:]< 䠩>

    pp:

    SAVE  3  B:KAT.UNT  -  믮    768   ⮢   
                       p⨢      (100H  -  3FFH)  
                       ᪥   KAT.UNT.

    ᫨  䠩  ⠪  ,   SAVE p
  䠩 믮  p, ᫨    騩
䠩   pp⨪ R/O.
    
    
    
    
    1.5.6.  USER

       ⮩  p  짮⥫ 
䠩  ᪥,  ⢥         ᫥   .
pp      ᫮    0  15. 짮⥫ 0
() p ᫥ 宫 p.

    p :

    USER <p>

    pp:

    USER 5 ᫥  ⮩  p 짮⥫  5,
              砥   DIR, REN, SAVE ᫥饥:

             DIR ⮡p ⮫쪮 䠩 USER 5,
             REN p뢠 ⮫쪮 䠩 USER 5,
             SAVE 뢠 䠩 ⮫쪮  USER 5.
             
                                            
    
             1.6. ⠭  ࠭ 

    1.6.1.  STAT

      STAT  뢮    ᮫  p  p  
ﭨ ⥬.
    p ⮣,   믮  p㥬    ﭨ
᪥  䠩,  ⠪ 祭 ᪨  16 ⨬
.   ᫥騩 p:

                               - 15 -

    STAT [D:][<pp>]

    ᫥  믮   ⥬ ᭮ 室  室
ﭨ.
    p   p쭮            p    뤠
ᮮ⢥饥 ᮮ饭,  ᫥  p. 
  p     㦥  ⨢p p
 ⮩  ᪮ (᫨     㪠  
᪮)  ⮫쪮  ᪮, p  .

    p 맮  STAT:

    STAT

     뢠 뢮 p樨  饩  pᯮp殮
    ᪥    ⨢ ᪮   㦥 
p ⨢p ᪮.
    p 뤠  ᫥饬 :
    A:R/W, SPACE: XXXXK

    STAT D:

    筮 p饬 pp,   ᪮ D.

    饭 뤠  ᫥饬 :
    BYTES REMAINING ON D: XXXXK
    STAT [D:]<筮  饭  䠩>

     뢠 p᫥  䠩, ⭮ 
< 䠩>.
    RECS BYTES EXT ACC
    XXX XXX   X   R/W D: < 䠩>
    BYYTES REMAINING ON D:  XXXK

    : RECS  - ⢮ ᥩ  䠩 ( 128 ⮢)
         BYTES - pp ,  䠩  
         EXT   - ⢮ ⥭⮢ 䠩 ( 16 ⮢)
         ACC   - pp⨪ 䠩 (R/W, R/O)

     䠩 SYS < 䠩> 砥  ᪮.

    STAT [D:]< 䠩> $S

    筮  p饬   pp,   ⮫쪮   pp   SIZE
p  뢮  ⢠  p 䠩 ᥩ 
128 ⮢.
    p 뤠  ᫥饬 :

    SIZE RECS BYTES EXT ACC
    XXX XXX XXK    X   R/W D: < 䠩>
    BYTES REMAINING ON D: XXXK

                               - 16 -

    p 䠩    ᫥⥫쭮  p樥  ᫥  "BYTES"
p⢥ 易  ﬨ "SIZE"  "RECS".
    p  䠩  pאַ  㯠  ⥭  ᮤp ⮥
pp⢮, p 㤥  묨 . ⮬  
  "BYTES" 㪠뢠 ⥪饥 ⢮, 饥  
p,    "RECS" - ⢮ ᥩ  ⥭.
      p,  p  䠩  pאַ  㯠     "SIZE"
ᮮ⢥  ᨬ쭮  ⨬  ᥩ 
(  ).

    STAT [D:] $ R/O
    
        뢠  ⠭  ﭨ  R/O     ᥩ
᪥.  ᫥  ⥯  p  ᪥ ᭮ ⠭ 
ﭨ R/W.

    STAT [D:]< 䠩> $ R/O

    ⠭   䠩, p塞 pp  <
䠩> ﭨ R/O.
    p 뤠  ᫥饬 :
    < 䠩>  SET to R/O
    STAT [D:]< 䠩> $ R/W

    筮   p饬   pp,   ⮫쪮  ⠭
pp⨪ R/W.

    p 뤠  ᫥饬 :
    < 䠩>  SET to R/W
    STAT [D:]< 䠩> $ SYS

    ᥬ  䠩,  p塞   pp   <   䠩>
pᢠ  pp⨪ "⥬ 䠩".  쭥襬 
䠩  㤥 pᯥ뢠   DIR.     ᪥
 p.  㯠  ⮬ 䠩 p.

    p 뤠  ᫥饬 :
           < 䠩>  SET TO SYS
    STAT [D:]< 䠩> $ DIR

    ᥬ   䠩,   p塞  pp  <  䠩>,
pᢠ pp⨪ "DIR-䠩".  쭥襬    䠩
 ⮡p   DIR.
    p 뤠  ᫥饬 :
           < 䠩>  SET TO DIR
    STAT [D:] DSK:

      p  p⪨  ⮩   뤠 p 
⮬,  p  pp    p    p樮
⥬  㪠 ᪮.
    p  뤠   ᫥饬  (pp p 

                               - 17 -
5,25 -  ᪥):


       p                            祭

   A: DRIVE CHARACTERISTICS     ﭨ ᪮ A
6240: 128 BYTE RECORD CAPACITY  ⢮ ᥩ: 6240 
                                 128 ⮢
 780: KILOBYTE DRIVE CAPICITY   : 780 
 128: 32 BYTE DIRECTORY ENTRIES 128  ⠫  32
                                 
 128: CHEKED DIRECTORY ENTRIES  128 室  ⠫
 128: RECORDS/EXTENT            128 ᥩ  ⥭
  16: RECORDS/BLOCK             16 ᥩ  
  40: SECTORS/TRACK             40 ᥪp  p
   4: RESERVES TRACKS           4 pp p

                                
    STAT VAL:

      뢠   p ⨬  STAT 
⥩  ᯮ짮.
    p 뤠  ᫥饬 :
    TEMP R/O DISK  : D:=R/O
    SET INDICATOR  : D:FILENAME.TYP $R/O $R/W $SYS $DIR
    DISK STATUS    : DSK: D:DSK
    USER STATUS    : USR:
    IOBYTE ASSIGN  :
    CON: = TTY: CRT: BAT: UC1
    RDR: = TTY: PTR: UR1: UR2
    PUN: = TTY: PTR: UP1: UP2
    LST: = TTY: CRT: LPT: UL1

    STAT USR:

    p    짮⥫,    p  pp
⨢    짮⥫  0      䠩  
짮⥫ 0  1.
    p 뤠  ᫥饬 :
    ACTIVE USER  : 0
    ACTIVE FILES : 01

    STAT DEV:

    ᫥ 祩  3 (⠪ 뢠  IOBYTE  -  "
祭   p  -뢮"),    p  p
祭     -뢮,      p
뤠  ᫥饬 :

    CON: - ᮫쭮 p⢮
    RDR: - p⢮ 뢠
    PUN: - p⢮ pp樨

                               - 18 -
    LST: - 饥 p⢮

    pp:

    a> STAT DEV:

    CON: IS CRT:     (᮫:  CRT:)
    RDR: IS TTY:     (p⢮ 뢠:  TTY:)
    PUN: IS TTY:     (p⢮ pp樨:  TTY:)
    LST: IS LPT:     (饥 p⢮:  LPT:)

    ᮡ  STAT DEV:

       ⮫쪮 pp ᮤp 祩  3. 
 p  pp, ᯮ      祭  
⢨⥫쭮.  (ᯮ짮  p樨  IOBYTE -  
᪫⥫쭮 pp BIOS).
    STAT <> = <>
    STAT < 1> = < 1>, < 2> = < 2>,...
    砥 ᮮ⢥騥   㪠  ,  p
⮬  IOBYTE (祩  3)  ᮮ⢥騩 .
    祭   䨧᪨   p     믮
pp 㦨 INSTSCP.

    pp:

    STAT CON:=CRT:,RDR:=UR1,PUN=UP1,LPT:=TTY:

    p p㦥 訡          pp
뤠  p    訡    p  믮 p
p樮  ⥬    室  ﭨ.    p
   ᮮ⢥騥 pp.
    FILE NOT FOUND p쭮   㪠 䠩, 䠩
                            .   p쭮  㪠
                            pp  (pp,   DSK   
                            DSK:)
    INVALID   FILE  INDICATOR  p쭮  㪠  pp,
                            pp, p  $ R/O
    INVALID    DISK    ASSIGMENT    p쭮     pᢠ
                            pp⨪   ᪥   (pp,
                            STAT A:=SYS  ᪠)
    BAD DELIMITER           p p⥫
    INVALID ASSIGNMENT p쭮 祭   (pp,
                            STAT RDR:=LPT:)

    1.6.2.  FORMAT
                          
    ࠭⭠    FORMAT  ।祭  ଠ஢
᪥  ࠢ   CP/M  ᮣ᭮  ⠭⠬  ᪥  
ணࠬ   ᥪ.
    ଠ :
     FORMAT  -  뢮    ࠭ ᯫ   ଠ⠬

                               - 19 -
                      ᪥.
     FORMAT [D:]40 - ଠ஢  ᪥    ப஦
                     ᪮   ᪮ D:. D - 砥 
                     ᪮ (A ... D).
     FORMAT [D:]80   -    쬨஦ ᪮.
    ᫥  ଠ஢  ᪥      ᯮ짮   
⥬.
            
    1.6.3.  SYSGEN
    
    ࠭⭠  SYSGEN ।祭  ஢   
 ᪥  㣨.   SYSGEN ந室 ⥭  
⥬ ᪥, ᯮ饩     樫  
   ।⥫쭮 ଠ஢ ᪥. ᫥ ⮣
᪥  ⠭  ⥬.      ⥬
᪥  楫     ᨨ  ,    ࠢ
ᯮ祭  .
    ଠ :
    SYSGEN
    砫   ணࠬ  訢      ᪮  㤥
ந  ஢.  ⥬  ணࠬ     ⠭
᪥    , ⠥   । ⠭ ଠ஢
᪥    ᪮. ᫥ ⮣  뢠    
᪥.  室    ७    
⢥ ᪥  ⥫쭮 .

    1.6.4.  DIP
    
    ᠫ쭠    DIP  ᯥ稢  묨 
਩묨 ன⢠ ᮭ쭮 ᫨⥫쭮 設.
    ᭮ 祩 ணࠬ    ஢  䠩  
 ᪠.
     DIP  ᫥騩 ଠ:
    
    (1) DIP " ப"
    (2) DIP
    
     砥 (1)  㦠  ᫥ ࠡ⪨ "
ப" 蠥.
      砥  (2)    ⮫쪮 㦠. ⥬  뤠
ᨬ ⮢ ("*"),    㪠뢠  ᢮  ⮢  
ࠡ          ப.     ६ 
 ⥬ ᪥    ᪥.  ᫥⢨  ⮣
  ᪥  ⠭    ﭨ  R/O (READ ONLY) 
   ᯮ짮  ⮫쪮    ⢥  室  ᪥.
ணࠬ  蠥  믮     ^C.  ப
 ᫥騩 ଠ:
    
    D:<室>=D:<室 1>,...,D:<室 N>[P]
    
    : D 砥  ᪮ (A...D);
    <室>  <室 1>  <室 N> -  䠩  ଠ

                               - 20 -
< 䠩>.<⨯ 䠩>;
    P 㪠뢠 ⨬ ࠬ.
             㪠      ᪮쪮
ࠬ஢, 砥  אַ㣮 ᪮:
    Q -  । ஢  䠩;
    P  -  ᪠   ᬥ ᪮  ᪮ (室 
஢ 䠩   ᪮);
    V - ஫  ᫥ ஢.
     ஢ 䠩     ᪮    ப
 ᫥騩 ଠ:
    
    A:=< 䠩>[PQV]
    
    ᫥  ⮣  ⥬ 訢 砫 ᪥  室묨
䠩, ⥬ ᪥      䠩,    ᫥  砭
஢ - ⥬ ᪥.
    ਬ:
    
    A:=*.*[PQV]
    ஢    䠫    ᪥  ᯮ짮 
᪮.
    B:=A:TEST.*
    ஢  ᪮ A  ᪮ B  䠩   
TEST    ७.
    

    1.6.5.  SUBM

    ᫨      p     믮          p
᫥⥫쭮 ,    ᫥⥫쭮    
pp  ⥪⮢    ᯥ樠 䠩 ".SUB" 
⮬᪨ 믮   SUBM.
     䠩  室  ᪮ .  p⪠  䠩
᪠   SUBM.   ᫥騩 p:

    SUBM < 䠩> <ᯨ᮪ pp>

                       䠩  SUBM

      ".SUB"  ᮧ  p ⥪⮢ 䠩  
pp ⥪⮢.
     䠩 ⮨  p祭    p⪨  ,
pp,  DIP,  TYPE, PIP, p pᯮ   p筮 
p浪    믮.      SUBM     ⮬᪨
믮    ,  p ᪠ p  
p.
     pp  䠩 饣   ᪠
  pp    (  ⥩), ⠪   䠩,
⨯ 䠩  ᪮  p, 騥   
  楫 ᫠.   ᫠    㬥p  p,
稭  1. ᪠ ᯮ짮  9 p.


                               - 21 -
    $1 $2 $3 ...     $9

        p ᫥⢨ p  
SUBM ⠢ 䠪᪨ 祭, p  
 p浪, ᮮ⢥饬 p p.
    p  ⮬ 䠩  ᪠.
    ᫨ p        䠩    
,   ᫥  㪠  "$$".        
ppp    ,     
  楫 ᫮ ppp  p.
       䠩   祭  ᠬ  SUBM 
  p⪨ ᫮ ᫥⥫쭮⥩ ,   ⮬
砥    ᫥.
        ᪮  p  䠩 
믮    ᪮.
     SUBM  䠩    pp  ⢫  
 p:

    SUBM < 䠩>P1 P2 P3 ... P9

    < 䠩>:   䠩  㪠 ⨯.
    P1...P9:-   pp,   p      ᯮ짮
p.
    ᨬ쭠   p  126  ᨬ.  pp  
⤥ p  p㣠  p p  p.
    ᫥      ET    䠩  ".SUB"  
pp  ᪮  pp p 䠩
    "$$$.SUB"
 p ᮤp  p  p.  
  ⮣ 䠩 믮  pp ᫥ 믮塞
p 室 ⮬᪮ ⥯  p.    祭
p樮  ⥬ ᭮ 室  室 ﭨ. ᫥
믮  㭪樨  SUBM,    ⠪   p      pp
pp饭 䠩 "$$$.SUB" ᭮ 㭨⮦.
    ᫨    -  p稭  䠩  "$$$.SUB" p 
᪥, p樮 ⥬ p ⥯ p p  稭
믮  ⮣ 䠩.  pp   p  
  ET,  䠩 㤥 㭨⮦.
    p⪠    pp頥,  ᫨    - 
㤥 p㦥 訡.
    ०६ ४ 믮  ࠡ뢠  
    ET   - ᨬ. ᫥
⮣  ࠡ뢠  ᫥ . ⪮६ ⠭
믮  ⥪饩      ந       ^S;
த  믮  -  襩  ET  襩 -
ᨬ.

    ਬ:

      ணࠬ "WM42"  ᮧ ᫥騩 䠩  
SAMPLE.SUB:
    

                               - 22 -
    ERA *.$1          ࠭  䠩 㪠 ⨯
    DIR *.$2          ⮡ࠦ 䠩 㪠 ⨯
    DIP $3:=$4;*.$5   ஢ 䠩
    DIR $3:=*.$5      ⮡ࠦ ஢ 䠩
     SUBM 룫廊 ᫥騬 ࠧ:
    SUBM SAMPLE BAK * B A COM
       뢠   䠩   "SAMPLE.SUB",    ᫥騥
ࠬ:
    "BAK"  $1
    "*"    $2
    "A"    $3
    "B"    $4
    "COM"  $5
 ᮧ 䠩 "$$$.SUB".
    ᫥ ⮣ ࠡ뢠 ᫥騥 :
    ERA *.BAK           ࠭  䠩 BAK
    DIR *.*             ⮡ࠦ ⠫ ᪮ 
    DIP B:=A:*.COM     ஢  䠩 ⨯ COM  A  B
    DIR  B:*.COM   ⮡ࠦ  ᪮஢  B 䠩
                        ⨯ COM
    A>                  室 ﭨ 樮 ⥬

     㦥 訡 믮  SUBM ४頥 
樮 ⥬ ॢ  室 ﭨ.    ࠭
뤠  ଠ  "ERROR  ON  LINE  X"       ᫥
ᮮ饭  訡:
    - NO 'SUB' FILE PRESENT  䠩 ".SUB"  
    - PARAMETER ERROR        訡  ࠬ   䠩
                             ".SUB"
    -   COMMAND   TOO  LONE  ॢ襭      ப
                             (ᨬ쭠     ப   126
                             ᨬ)
    - COMMAND BUFFER ॢ襭  ⨬  ࠧ    䠩
                             "$$$.SUB"  (ᨬ쭠  1023
                             ᨬ)
    - DIRECTORY FULL  ᢮   ⠫   䠩
                             "$$$.SUB"
    -  CANNOT  CLOSE,      䠩  "$$$.SUB",  
                             READ/ONLY?   ࠧ襭   ⥭   
                             ᪥
    - DISK WRITE ERROR?      ୠ 訡 ᪮
    -  INVALID  CONTROL  ⨬ ࠢ騩 ᨬ  䠩
                             CHARACTER ".SUB"

    1.6.6.  XSUB

      XSUB    㭪樨     SUBM,   
뢠      䠩   ணࠬ, 뢠 
⮬ 䠩.
      XSUB     ᮧ      䠩   
ᯥ樠묨   묨   ப,   ।묨  묨
  ணࠬ OC CP/M.   䠩,  ᮧ  

                               - 23 -
  XSUB, ஬ ⮣, ᮤঠ ⥪⮢ ଠ, 
筮   ᮫  ⢥  ஬  ணࠬ.  
XSUB    ᯮ짮 ᮢ⭮   SUBMIT  ࠧ
, ਬ,    䨪樨  饩  ணࠬ  
몥  ᨪ, ᪥ , ⮬᪮    
믮, ୮, ⫨筮  ࢮ, 䨪樨  ணࠬ
 楫 ᫥饣 ᯮ  ..
     XSUB ᪠  SUBM (. ᠭ  
"SUBM").
    XSUB    ࢮ  ப  䠩 ".SUB".
⥬ ᫥   室 ,  ⠪ 뢠
筮.
     ࢮ 맮 XSUB 㦠 ࠧ  ᫥  
 ࠭ ࠢ  ᫥饣 宫     
,      㤥  㦥  ,  ४뢠  XSUB 
. ᫥ ࠡ⪨  䠩 XSUB ⠥  ⨢,
᫥  ⥯  뤠 ᮮ饭

    (XSUB ACTIVE)

      ﭨ  "XSUB ACTIVE"  ࠡ⪠ 㣨 ,
᪫ XSUB.
    ᫨ 믮  XSUB   ६,      
⨢, 뤠 ᮮ饭:

    XSUB ALREADY PRESENT

    믮 XSUB  ४  ^C.
      ᯮ짮    XSUB    ।  室
 ணࠬ    䠩  ⮫쪮,  ᫨  
⠭  ᯮᮡ  襭    ணࠬ.  묨  ᫮,
ணࠬ (ਬ,  DIP),    襭    室
    ENTER        ^C (२樠
⥬),    ᯮ짮  ᮢ⭮         XSUB,
饩 ᮡ묨 ᢮⢠.   ⥬,  ணࠬ
"SUBMIT"        ப (.. ,  ᮤঠ
⮫쪮 ᨬ  ⪨  ॢ  ப)    
䠩.    ப   ᬠਢ  訡. ப,
ᮤঠ騥 ᨬ ^C  ⠪ ᬠਢ  訡.

    ਬ:

      樨  ਭ樯  ࠡ XSUB ᬮਬ ᫥騩
ਬ: ॡ ᫠  ணࠬ  ⨯ 䠩 ".DOC"  
  ᪥   .  䠩   DEMO.SUB 
᫥饥 ᮤন:
    
    
    
    
    
    

                               - 24 -
    XSUB
    ;*******************************************
    ;*                                         *
    ;*     뫪 䠩 DOC                *
    ;*                                         *
    ;*******************************************
    DIR=$1:
    DIR=$2:
    DIP
    $1:=$2:*.DOC

    ᫥ ப  䠩 -   ணࠬ DIP.
 筮  䠩 ( XSUB)  室  .
    
    1.7. 饭 樮 ⥬
    
        訡,  ࠪ묨  ⤥ , CP/M
뤠  ࠭ ᫥騥  ᮮ饭  訡:
    BDOS ERR ON D: BAD SECTOR
    BDOS ERR ON D: SELECT
    BDOS ERR ON D: R/O
    BDOS ERR ON D: FILE R/O
     D 砥 ᪨ ᪮ A...D.
       祭 ᮮ饭    訡  饣
ன⢠.
    
    
    訡: BAD SEKTOR
    
       ᮮ饭    訡      맢  ᫥騬
稭:
    - 㦥 訡  ⥭   ᥪ  ᪥;
    - ଠ ᪥ ⫨砥  襭 ଠ;
    - ࠡ⪠ ᪥  믮    騬  ࠧ,  
ਢ   ;
    - 㦥 ᮢ⨬ 䨧᪮ ᪮,  ஬
⠭ ᪥  ⥪饣 䨧᪮ ᪮.
      ᮮ饭  뤠  ⠪    砥,  ᫨  ᪥, 
ன ॡ 믮 뢠,  ⠭  ᪮
 ᫨ ᪮ ࠢ쭮 .
    祭 ᮮ饭  訡   ⢥न    ^C.
믮    ⥪饩   ணࠬ         ४頥,
믮 ⥯ .    ஢
訡,    ,  த 믮 ணࠬ
  .    믮      ᪥    맮
த ࠧ襭   ᪥.
    
    訡: SELECT
    
     訡 뤠   饣 ᪮.
    CP/M         祬   ᪮,
⮬  ⠪  訡  뤠,  ਬ,     饭   

                               - 25 -
᪨ ᪮ F, G, H...
    ⨥      뢠  ⥯ , 樮
⥬ 室  室 ﭨ.
    
    訡: R/O (READ ONLY)
    
     ᮮ饭  訡 뤠  ࠭  ⪥  
  ᪥,  ன  ணࠬ  (ਬ, ࠭⭮ 
STAT) ᢮ ࠪ⨪ READ ONLY.  ᮮ饭  뤠
⠪,  ᫨  ᫥   ᪥ ॡ 믮  
 ⠭ ᪥  ।饣  ⥯    
⠭  ⥬    室 ﭨ   㭪樨 BDOS.
祭 ⮣ ᮮ饭 ⢥ত ⨥   ,
  ⮬  믮 ⥯ ,  ஬   㣨
⢨ﬨ  ᪥  ᢠ   ࠪ⨪   READ/WRITE.
믮 ⮩   ணࠬ ४頥.
    
    訡: FILE R/O
    
      ᮮ饭  뤠,  ᫨   ⪠  
 䠩    ࠪ⨪  R/O.  ⢥ত  祭
⮣   ᮮ饭    訡  ⨥      뢠
믮 ⥯    ਢ    ४饭  믮
  ணࠬ.
    
    訡 饣 ன⢠
    
    訡 饣 ன⢠ 뢠 ⠭ ணࠬ. 
  ^C  믮      ணࠬ  ४頥  
樠 ⥯ .  ⨨   㣮  
訡         믮        ணࠬ
த   (ਬ,    ᫥    ࠭    ࠢ
饣 ன⢠.
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

                               - 26 -
       2.     
    
    2.1. ࠭ । WM42
    
      ⥪⮢  WM42.COM  ।祭    ⮢  
।஢  ࠧ   ⥪⮢   㬥⮢.      
।  WM42    ⠪   ନ஢ ⥪ ணࠬ 
ࠧ 몠 ணࠬ஢.0
    ଠ 맮 ।:
    
    WM42 < 䠩>
    
    ᫨  䠩  㪠    ᪥,  ⥪
 ⮣ 䠩    ࠭  ᫥  㧪  ।.
᫨  㪠  饣 䠩,  ।  
 ࠭.
        ⠢  ⥪     ᪮   
᪮ 몠  ਬ ய   㪢.
      ப ⥪ ।㥬 䠩    ⥫쭮
ॢ 42 ᨬ,     ப  ᯫ.  
   ࠡ뢠   ⠪  ⥪⮢  䠩.  ,  
騥  ப ᯫ ७  ᫥  ப,  
砫 ⮩ ப 砥 ᨬ:
    >>
    ࠢ  ࠡ⮩ । ந  ࠭ ०,
 ⠪  ० .
     ࠭ ०:
    ^Z  ⠢ /몫               ^_  㤠  ᫥
    ^Y                ^T  㤠  ࠢ
    ^W   ࠢ            ^X  㤠 ᫮ ᫥
    ^F      ᫮       ^B  㤠 ᫮ ࠢ
    ^A   ࠢ  ᫮         ^L   ப ᫥
    ^J   ࠢ              ^D   ப ࠢ
    ^U     ப         ^G  㤠  ப
    ^^     ப          ^I  ⠢   䠩
    ^E    / ࠭      ^R  ⠢     䠩
    ^P    / ப      ^@  ᯮ ᫥. 4 ࠧ
    ^C  䠩   1 ப          ^]  ⠢ ᫥.  䠩
    ^Q  䠩   1 ப         ^\  뢮 ᪠
    ^K  䠩   ࠭             ESC 室  ० 
    ^S  䠩   ࠭
    ࠢ ஬  ⥫쭮  ⢫  蠬
ࠢ ஬, 묨 ᮢ⭮  襩 CTRL.
    ᫥  室      ०     樨 
ப   ࠭      ᨬ   "*".      ⮣
।஢      ⮩ ப   襩
ENTER.
     ⮣ ।஢:
    +-  . ࠢ. ᤢ (-  砫, {+}  ⥪)
    @   . 室  ENTER
    $   . 室  ESC, ^Z  ENTER
    n   . ᫮,  㬮砭 1, # = 65535

                               - 27 -
    
    +-nC  ᤢ  n ᨬ          +-nD  㤠 n ᨬ
    +-nL  ᤢ  n ப             +-nK  㤠 n ப
    +-nT  뢮 n ப                  nZ  㧠 n ᥪ㭤
    +-nP  뢮 n ࠭               +-n@  뢮 n- ப
    
    nItext$         ⠢ text n ࠧ
    I@              . ० ⠢ (砭 ESC  ^Z)
    A@, nAtext$     : ᫥ ᤢ  1L  ,  I@
    n<....>         :  ... n ࠧ (. .=65535)
    +-nFkey$        "⪨"  key n ࠧ ( )
    +-nNkey$        ""  key n ࠧ ( ᥬ 䠩)
    +-nSkey$text$    key  text ᫥ ⪮ ᪠
    +-nRkey$text$    key  text ᫥  ᪠
    /F,/N,/S,/R      ,  室 <..>  QX, ᫨ ⥪
                     
    Y[d:]name.typ$  ⠢ 䠩   
    nW[d:]name.typ$ ନ஢ 䠩  n ᫥ ப
    
    ^L   ⠢ CRLF                 ^Y   ⠢ ESC
    ^A   .   ᨬ        ^A   .   ࠧ.
    ^?X     X  text  key
    
    nQP         n ப  䠩  . 
    n/QP        n ப  䠩  . 
               (ப  䠩 㤠)
    nQG        ⠢ ᮤন .   䠩 n ࠧ
    QT         뢥  ࠭ ⥫ 
    QK          ⥫ 
    QX         믮   ⥫쭮 
    QLtext$     text  ⥫ 
    n/QLtext$   text  .  n ࠧ
    
    V   ࠭ ।஢        N!    䠩  N
    ;   ⤥           E   砭 ࠡ
    H      ᭮         Q   ⬥ ࠡ
    O     室 䠩     ^Q   뢮 ᪠
    
    2.2.  GAMMA
    
    2.3. ணࠬ POWER
    
    ணࠬ  POWER  ।祭      ࠢ   ᫮묨
㭪ﬨ  /᪮  ᨬ   ⥯ ⮢
짮⥫. ᥣ  POWER ।ᬮ७    55  ,  
ணࠬ    ⮫쪮  16  .      ᢮ POWER
 ஢ ,  ஬    
  ᥫ,  稭      䠩        
ᮤঠ  ᪠.    ⮬ ⠪ ᪫砥 殮 ࠡ 
᫥⥫쭮 ࠡ⪮ 䠩.   稨  ஢  
POWER  ,  ॡ  짮⥫,  -  䠩, 
묨 室 ࠡ,     䠩    ࠧ,  

                               - 28 -
POWER  ᤥ    ᠬ.        ࠡ⪨, POWER
 ,   䠩     ࠭  
  ந室     ६.
    㣨 ⥫ ᢮⢮ ணࠬ   ࠭
      ⥭樠쭮   ᪨  権  -
஦  ,    १  祣  㤥  ﭠ
ࠡ    . ᫨, ਬ,  ॣ஢
 ன⢮,  ஬  ᪠,    POWER    ⢥砥:
"CANT  NOT LOG ON A:" (  ॣ஢  ன⢮
A:). ਩  . POWER ⮬᪨ ୥
  ᪠  A0=     ⠢ ᪥  ன⢮ A:
 樨஢  .
    ଠ 맮:
    
    PW [2]
    
     ⢥ POWER 뢮 ᢮  ᪠,      㪢,
᫠      "=".  㪢 砥  ⥪饣 ᪠, ᫮ -
 짮⥫.
    ᮪  ணࠬ POWER:
    CHECK           ஫ 㬬 㪠 䠩
    CM             ࠢ  ⥩ 
    COPY           ஢ 䠩
    DIR             ᪠
    DISK           ଠ  ࣠樨 ᪠
    DS             ᬮ  䨪 
    DUMP           뢮  
    ERA            ࠭ 䠩
    EXIT           室  樮 ⥬
    FILL             ⠭⮩
    GO              ணࠬ
    GROUP          ᯨ᮪  㪠 䠩
    JP (EX)        । ࠢ  
    LOAD (SAVE)    㧪 (㧪) 䠩
    LOG            ଠ  ﭨ POWER
    MOVE           ६饭  
    READ (WRITE)   אַ     ⥭ ()
    READGR (WRITEGR)    ᪮
    RECLAIM        ⠭  䠩
    REN            २
    RESET           ᪠
    RUN            㧪  । ࠢ 㣮 ணࠬ
    SEARCH          ᨬ, , ⥪  
    SET            ⠭ 襣    ᨬ 
                    ⨯ 䠩
    SETDIR (SETSYS, SETRO, SETWR)  ⠭ ਡ⮢ 䠩
    SIZE           । ࠧ஢ 䠩
    SORT           ஢ ⠫
    SPEED          ⠭ ᪮ 뢮  ᯫ
    STAT           ଠ   ᪠
    TEST           ஢ ᪠
    TYPE (TYPEX, TYPEH, TYPEA)  뢮 ⥪⮢ 䠩  ᯫ

                               - 29 -
    USER (XUSER)   ᯮ짮 ⥩ 짮⥫
    ?              뢮 ᯨ᪠  POWER  ᯫ
    ⠪  ப:
    
    < ⥪騩 >:<஡>< ><஡>< ᪠>:
    <஡>< ணࠬ><஡>< 䠩><஡><ࠬ>
    <஡><   ᪮>
    
      ᨬ    ⭮   樨      ⮢
 ப ᪠.
      砥,  ᫨        㪠      䠩,
⢫ 뢮 ஢ ,    ஬  ᫥  
䠩,          㤮⢮         (
ᯮ짮 *  ?),   䠩  ᪥,    
  ਬ, ᫨   .
      ⢥    ஢        ᪮쪮
஢  । , ࠧ ஡. ᪠
१  㪠뢠   ᥫ,      ஢.
᫨   饭   ஥  ᫮    ,  ࠧ㬥  
᫥ 䠩  . ਬ:
    
    SELECT? 1-5 8 11 23-
    
    砥 롮 ஢  1  5, 8, 11   䠩  23- 
 .
      ਬ  ᥬ 䠩,   
㪠.      ⮬  ।    믮  뢮  
। 䠩.
     ࠡ POWER    ᪥  ந쭮    
᪮.    ⮣,  ⮡       뫮 ,
᫥  ^C.
     뢠 믮  POWER ।祭  
ESC   ^C. ன ਠ   뢠   ⥪饣
᪠.
    
    2.4. ࠩ 㠫쭮 ࠭ VS80
        
    ࠩ     VS80.COM,     ।祭         ᯥ祭
ࠡᯮ ணࠬ, ॡ 80 ᨬ쭮 ࠭,    
CP/M  ᮭ쭮  "".
    ࠩ  砥    ⠢ CP/M  ६ ࠡ ணࠬ
짮⥫  ⮬᪨ 㤠   襭.
    ଠ 맮:
    
    VS80 < ணࠬ>
    
      祭  ࠩ  室  㪠    ணࠬ
짮⥫   ⢥  ࠬ      맮.
    ਬ:
    
    A>VS80 SC2
    

                               - 30 -
    짮⥫᪠ ணࠬ    ᯮ塞    
७ COM.  ࠡ  ࠩ஬ 室  ⨯
⨪.     1.
    ᫥  㧪  ࠩ     ਣ襭   
஢  ᨬ,    㤥  ᯮ짮    ࠡ
ணࠬ 짮⥫. ᫨ 室  롮 ,  
   ,   ᫥   ⮣   ணࠬ  㤥  饭  
ᯮ.
     ࠡ  ࠩ஬ ࠭       42*24
ᨬ,      ६    80  ᨬ쭮  ࠭
ନ㥬 ணࠬ 짮⥫. ६饭  ⢫
砣 ⨪. ᫨   ࠡ  室
⨢   ᬥ  ᯮ㥬  ஢  ᨬ,  ⨥
  FIRE  ⨪,    ᫥⥫쭮  ४
-8; -7 .; -7 ./.; -7 .
    ࠩ    VS80.COM       ᯮ짮      ணࠬ
ᯮ騬 ࠧ ப ࠭  祬 80 ᨬ, 
᫥ ⬥,  VS80.COM 㬥蠥 ꥬ ⨢ 
।⠢塞  짮⥫    3      ᪮쪮 ᭨
ந⥫쭮   ࠡ  ࠭.
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

                               - 31 -
                       1. 
                      
      " -04" ᯮ   ﬨ  
,  ᮮ⢥  ࠬ  "ZX-spectrum". 
 室 ᯮ짮    ।  CP/M
  ᮮ⢥⢨  ﬨ  .
    
    祭   묨 㭪ﬨ:
    
  Ŀ
                           
  Ĵ
    Ŀ                                                    
                          ESC                             
                                                        
    Ŀ                                                    
     G                     TAB (⠡)                 
                                                        
    EDIT                     CAPS LOCK (䨪 ॣ)   
                                                             
    CAPS SHIFT               CTRL (砥  ^)       
                                                             
    SYMBOL SHIFT             SHIFT (孨 ॣ)         
                                                             
    쬠           NMI (᪨㥬 뢠)  
     孥                                            
  
    
                2. 祭 ⮢ ணࠬ
                 ᯮ짮  OC CP/M ""
    
    2.1.  ணࠬ஢ ᨪ - BASI
    
      몠 ᨪ ਬ ᮢ⭮  OC CP/M 
 몮 ணࠬ஢ ᮪ ஢. ᨪ ᮧ 
砫 60-     祭  ணࠬ஢.  
   ⮣  몠  ⨣    쬠  
ࠢ  ஥  ࣠樨   짮⥫
 ஬   ᮧ ணࠬ.
    ࠪ᪮  㪮⢮,  饥    ᪥,  ᮤন
஡  ᠭ  몠  ணࠬ஢  ᨪ  ਬࠬ.
㪮⢮   ᯥ⠭  ਭ.
    
    
    2.2. ஭ ⠡ - SC2
    
      ந⢥ ⥫쭮    ᯥ樠
  ॡ ।⠢ १ ࠡ   ⠡, 
    室묨 묨,  㣠 - १⠬
᫥  .
    ᯮ  ⠡  ᮡ  ப      ⨢,
᪮,  宧⢥ . , १ 

                               - 32 -
  ⠡,  ࠢ, 祭       ஢
   ॡ   ᯥ樠쭮   ⥬᪮  ⮢.  
 室   ,  室  
諥          室 , ..
㦭 ஢ ᫥ ஢ ⮩   樨.
    ணࠬ    ஥  ⥬   ⨢   ,
  뤠  ᪠        ६ 
 ࠡ  ஭ ⠡楩.
      ᪥    ணࠬ  ᯥ祭  室  䠩  
⥪⮬  㪮⢠  짮⥫  ࠡ  ⮬ ਪ
ணࠬ SUPERCALC,   ᯥ  ਭ.
    
    
    2.3. ⥬ ࠢ ५樮묨   - REBUS
    
    REBUS -  ஢    몠  ணࠬ஢
dBASE   II.         ।⠢   ᮡ   ᮢ㯭
易 ᨢ , ࠭    .
ਬ,  ,  ன ࠭ ଠ  -
࣠樨,    ᮤঠ 祭  ࠧ, ⭮
ᯨᠭ, ᯨ᮪ 㤭,    ࠡ,  ஢  
࣠樨,    ..   ࠧࠧ ଠ ⠢
  .
      ,  室騩    ⠢  REBUS  ⨢  
室    ᮧ  ࠡ   .
    ᪥      ணࠬ   ᯥ祭  ᮤন  ஡
ᠭ 몠 ணࠬ஢ REBUS.
    
    
    2.4. ஠ᥬ - M80
    
    ஠ᥬ   -               ᨬ᪮
設ਥ஢  몠 (몠 ᥬ).  ८ࠧ
室   ணࠬ,   ᠭ      몥   ᥬ,   
६頥 .  쭥襬    ᪮ 
ணࠬ, ⮢  믮.
    ஠ᥬ ࠡ⠥  ⥬    ஢  580
  Z80.    ࠡ   ஠ᥬ஬ 80 室 
⥪  ⥬  ய,  ண  㤥
ࠧࠡ뢠 ணࠬ ᯥ祭.
    ணࠬ  몥 ᥬ   祭  䥪⨢묨.
  砥  ࠡ  ணࠬ⮢  䨪樨  ࠢ
७, ணࠬ, ⠢  몥  ᥬ,  㤥
     믮, 祬 筮 ⠪  ணࠬ 
몥 ᮪ ஢.
    ᪥   ஠ᥬ஬  ᮤন  ᠭ  ணࠬ
ᯥ祭, ஥  ᯥ  稨 ਭ.
    
    
    
    
    

                               - 33 -
    2.5.  ⫠稪 - ZSID
    
     ⫠稪 ZSID (㣮   -  DDT)  
짮⥫   㦠    ⨢  ,  ᬠਢ,
஢     ⫠    ணࠬ    몥
ᥬ,  ।⠢    設   .      ⮣
ணࠬ  ZSID  ᪠  ᬮ ᮤন ⥪⮢ 䠩
 ⨯. ணࠬ ZSID ࠡ⠥  ᪮  ०,  
    짮⥫    ᪠   室      
⫠ ணࠬ  ᫥  蠣  믮.  
   ⠪  訥   騥
ணࠬ    ॠᥬ஢    ⥬, ⮡ ,  
ࠡ.
    ணࠬ ZSID ।⠢ ᮡ 襥  㬥⠫쭮
।⢮      ணࠬ⮢,   ᯮ    ᥬ.
ணࠬ ZSID ᮤন ⠪ ஥ -ᥬ.
    
    
    2.6.  ⥪⮢ - 
    
     ⥪⮢  -  ஢    ணࠬ
WordStar.      筨  । 뢠 
 .
     ⥪⮢     ⮬  ਪ  ணࠬ,
᭮  祭  ண ⮨  ⮢ ࠧࠧ
⥪⮢ ਠ    㬥⮢    ᪮,  ࣮,
⨢-宧⢥,  ।樮-⥫᪮  㣨
  祫᪮  ⥫쭮.      ।
⥪⮢    ନ஢  ⥪  ணࠬ   ⬨᪨
몠, ਬ ᨪ.
     ⥪⮢     ࠧ  ⥬  ,  
ᥣ  室    ࠭  ᯫ      ࠡ  
ணࠬ    ⥫쭮 ᠭ.
